{"id":9371,"date":"2024-03-18T22:31:50","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T15:31:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=9371"},"modified":"2024-03-21T11:54:35","modified_gmt":"2024-03-21T04:54:35","slug":"cai-dau-tien-thu-7-nguyen-van-vinh-voi-viec-cai-tien-chu-quoc-ngu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=9371","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ee9 7 – NGUY\u1ec4N V\u0102N V\u0128NH V\u1edaI VI\u1ec6C C\u1ea2I TI\u1ebeN CH\u1eee QU\u1ed0C NG\u1eee."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

(CH\u01afWQU\u00d4CQ NG\u01afW D\u00d4IZ MOWIQ)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u2018con ch\u1eef\u2019 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, nh\u1eefng ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i m\u00ea m\u1ea9n<\/em> (1)<\/sup>\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. X\u00e9t \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee9ng minh cho nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ed s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed1 (1889-1947) g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> Ng\u1eef<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(LE QU\u1ed0C-NG\u1eee MODIFI\u00c9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n s\u0129. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef d\u00f9ng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 La Tinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u01a1n hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, song do ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 may n\u00e0y do b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi sinh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 cay c\u00fa kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i bang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed th\u00e1ch do s\u1ef1 va \u0111\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c \u00ec b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c \u00e9p \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1n kinh, ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u00fap b\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 tay ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ng\u1ea7m, t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t, b\u00e0i b\u00e1c v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u, r\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 La Tinh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 lai c\u0103ng, c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i bang….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ra s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng may, tr\u00ed n\u00e3o h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft. Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1c nhau mang t\u00ednh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ra ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp thu, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc? Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u, n\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00f3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed3n cao c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u1eebng danh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 day d\u1ee9t khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in \u1ea5n tr\u00ean Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1, lan truy\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra ngo\u00e0i s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a ngh\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i l\u00fd do d\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00ec th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 ngh\u00e0nh b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn (morse), do c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb in \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 ch\u1eef La Tinh, th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u \u00e2m s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, khi \u00f4ng lao v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u2018con ch\u1eef\u2019. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u0103m 1922, sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1edbi Phan V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (1876-1933) t\u1eeb Paris sang Gutenberg (\u0110\u1ee9c) l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ngh\u00e0nh in, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ec9a mai, chua x\u00f3t khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed r\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn g\u1eedi t\u1eeb Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u1ebb v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb nh\u1ecf nhen khi suy lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n, duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai ch\u1eef: \u201cVo de\u201d<\/em>. K\u1ebb nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebb\u201d<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea\u201d<\/em>, c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Th\u01b0a, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ee3 <\/em>\u0111\u1ebb\u201d<\/em> <\/em>… bao n\u1ed7i ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra, c\u00f2n \u201cv\u1ee1 <\/em>\u0111\u00ea\u201d<\/em>… bao s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng s\u1ebd tr\u00f9m l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, say x\u01b0a v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u2018con ch\u1eef\u2019, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e2n s\u0129 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c con d\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n… N\u0103m 1927, tr\u00ean t\u1edd b\u00e1o Trung B\u1eafc T\u00e2n V\u0103n<\/em> do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u0103ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea7n ch\u1eef c\u00e1i La Tinh nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai ch\u1eef a <\/em><\/strong>= \u00e2<\/em><\/strong>, a<\/em><\/strong> + w<\/em><\/strong> = \u0103, u + w = \u01b0<\/em><\/strong>…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u00e0nh B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1eed nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng (2)<\/sup><\/strong>. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb c\u1ea7m \u0111\u0169a ch\u1ec9 huy. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng b\u0103n kho\u0103n, lo l\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho ch\u00ednh ngh\u00e0nh B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng doanh thu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng, x\u00e9t \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n t\u00edn trong T\u00f2a so\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u1edd Trung B\u1eafc T\u00e2n V\u0103n<\/em>, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/em>, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong su\u1ed1t 4 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n, t\u1eeb 1927 \u0111\u1ebfn 1930. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 t\u1ecbch thu gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9c hi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebb cai tr\u1ecb m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i xin ph\u00e9p theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p L\u2019Annam Nouveau<\/em> <\/em>(N\u01b0\u1edbc Nam M\u1edbi)(3)<\/sup>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn kh\u1eafp ba mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c t\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00ed khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 o \u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh(4)<\/sup><\/strong>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecd c\u00f2n kho\u00e1i ch\u00ed c\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau, xem \u00f4ng li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n?!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m Canh T\u00e2n<\/em>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, k\u1ec1 vai s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh, chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp L\u2019Annam Nouveau<\/em>vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 L\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn<\/em> theo \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh (1892-1945) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1edd b\u00e1o t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t, khi c\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ebft duy tr\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf, trong khi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Nh\u00f3m Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, 1931, do b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c \u00e9p mang t\u00ednh kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t… Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3, ch\u01b0a khi n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft l\u1ee5y ai, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2018k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1\u2019 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 k\u1ebft \u00e1n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ngh\u00eang ngang…!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi h\u01a1n 20 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bao nhi\u00eau r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u00f3c uy\u00ean th\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7p, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c \u00e9p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n s\u0129 (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Nho s\u0129), \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 La Tinh!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea5u \u1ea5n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 n\u0103m 1919 c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/em>T<\/em>ri\u1ec1u <\/em>Hu\u1ebf<\/em>, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef Nho trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p L\u2019Annam Nouveau<\/em> do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho Nh\u00e0 in Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng<\/em> (IDEO- Imprimerie d\u2019Extr\u00eame-Orient) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch in b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/em> theo k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in Linotype<\/em> v\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch 10cm x 14cm, d\u00e0y 146 trang c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p-Nam\u201d<\/em>, l\u1ea5y t\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o R. P. Barbier l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o ngh\u00e0nh in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a>
Nh\u00e0 in IDEO c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, hi\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Y\u00ean Ph\u1ee5 \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Sau 1954 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung h\u1ecdc Trung Hoa<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o 115, ra ng\u00e0y 6.3.1932, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201cTh\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/u>:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y x\u1ebfp ch\u1eef v\u00e0 in. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh, s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 in ty-p\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb in, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p. Khi in \u1ea5n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n theo m\u1eabu ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00eam nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu ch\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o theo \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> G\u1eedi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef in, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 xung \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng cho m\u1eabu ch\u1eef c\u0169. Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef m\u1edbi trong \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o s\u1ebd thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng tin b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u, c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb in, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng n\u00fat <\/em>b\u1ea5<\/em>m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eef do nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, gi\u00fap cho ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng theo \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ghi \u00e2m Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t \u00e2m v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef c\u0169, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft th\u00eam c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u00e0o ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft nhanh, do v\u1ed9i n\u00ean th\u00e0nh vi\u1ebft \u1ea9u \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m d\u1ea5u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u kia, nh\u01b0 \u00e2m s\u1eafc<\/strong> ( ) th\u00e0nh \u00e2m huy\u1ec1n<\/strong> ( ), d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi<\/strong> ( ) th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u ng\u00e3<\/strong> ( )…C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng sau ngay t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. N\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

…V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eb3n vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh nung n\u1ea5u t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n soi x\u00e9t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c b\u1ea1ch trong lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/em>. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft \u1edf s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o 116 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201cC\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd, nh\u1eefng ng\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7u cao, th\u1ea5p gi\u1ecdng trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i La Tinh \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y. \u1ede c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u00e2m. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ecdng cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00ec t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea5u. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u00fa \u00fd, khi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t \u00e2m theo gi\u1ecdng cao hay th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec n\u1eefa gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef sai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m ch\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ch\u1eef, hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean \u00e2m gh\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  • S\u1eaft<\/em><\/strong> c\u00f3 l\u00fac vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh s\u1eafc<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • H\u1ea1n<\/em><\/strong> c\u00f3 l\u00fac vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh H\u1ea1ng<\/strong>.<\/em><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Tr\u00e2u<\/em><\/strong> c\u00f3 l\u00fac <\/em>vi\u1ebft<\/em> \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh T\u00e2u<\/strong>.<\/em><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi\u1ebft sai d\u1ea5u, n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    • Ma<\/em><\/strong> (con ma) vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u00e1<\/strong> (c\u00e1i m\u00e1)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Mao<\/em><\/strong> (l\u00f4ng) vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh M\u1ea1o<\/strong> (gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o).<\/em><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef theo Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh quan t\u00e2m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u0103m 1922, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1 m\u1ec9a mai khi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb in \u1ea5n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 30 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi H. F. Schneider mang \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean trang b\u00e1o n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u201cC\u00f2n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y x\u1ebfp ch\u1eef, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m khi sang Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1922 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb in \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 <\/em>Anh,<\/em> r\u1eb1ng khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb in \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, xin c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t…<\/em> <\/em>H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd ph\u1edbt l\u1edd v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00f4i ng\u1ecf \u00fd <\/em>r\u1eb1ng,<\/em> \u0111\u1eebng hy v\u1ecdng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng mua c\u00e1c m\u00e1y x\u1ebfp ch\u1eef, \u0111\u00fac ch\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y ch\u1eef s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c in ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng UNDERWOOD v\u00e0 ROYAL, r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Song, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 \u00edt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngh\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p in \u1ea5n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh, in, x\u1ebfp ch\u1eef c\u0169…v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb…\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh lao v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c, ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fac ch\u1eef in ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Xin th\u01b0a, Kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois Henri <\/em>Schneider <\/em>(1851…)(5)<\/sup><\/strong>. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 DEBERNEY v\u00e0 PEIGNOT \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecf v\u1ed1n, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra 127 m\u1eabu ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c in c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty in \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m in b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ngo\u00e0i ra, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng h\u1ed9p x\u1ebfp ch\u1eef 127 m\u1eabu t\u1ef1, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed9p ch\u1eef m\u1eabu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 35 m\u1eabu t\u1ef1, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u1ebfp ch\u1eef thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian x\u1eafp ch\u1eef v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/em>. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 lao t\u00e2m kh\u1ed5 t\u1ee9 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 tin, t\u1ecf ra khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111a chi\u1ec1u trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh khi Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch\u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p-Nam\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, song \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng n\u00eau quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o 129 ra ng\u00e0y 29.5.1932 c\u1ee7a L\u2019Annam Nouveau<\/em> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 in IDEO n\u00eau trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 in, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef v\u1eabn b\u1ecb l\u1ea3ng tr\u00e1nh, b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, cho d\u00f9 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u2018ghi c\u00f4ng\u2019 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn, m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Man di hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d<\/em> m\u00e0 th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1.  \u201cM\u00ea m\u1ea9n\u201d<\/em> ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n V\u0169 B\u1eb1ng (1913-1984) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh trong cu\u1ed1n \u201c40 n\u0103m n\u00f3i l\u00e1o\u201d. NXB V\u0103n H\u00f3a 2000.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tem-B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 11.2011.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i: \u201cV\u00ec sao Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p L\u2019Annam Nouveau-N\u01b0\u1edbc Nam m\u1edbi<\/em>\u201d, tannamtu.com.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i \u201cAi gi\u1ecfi \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00ec \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y ch\u01a1i\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a Phan Kh\u00f4i, tannamtu.com.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Fran\u00e7ois Henri <\/em>Schneider <\/em>(1851…) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p g\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c, chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Nam k\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1882 theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. \u00d4ng r\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1922 sau tr\u00f2n 40 n\u0103m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00f3i g\u1ea7n 20 n\u0103m h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. Theo Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, F. H. Schneider m\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1929-1930.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        BBT.Tannamtu.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n B\u00ecnh.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        (Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i 3.2024)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        (CH\u01afWQU\u00d4CQ NG\u01afW D\u00d4IZ MOWIQ) Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u2018con ch\u1eef\u2019 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, nh\u1eefng ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i m\u00ea m\u1ea9n (1)\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. X\u00e9t \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":9372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/003-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9371"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9371"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9377,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9371\/revisions\/9377"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}