<\/p>\n
\n
<\/p>\n VHNA : V\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 sa s\u00fat, xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p. C\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u1edf trong v\u00f2ng quanh co, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. VHNA gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc v\u1edbi TS Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e1ng tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy: Th\u01b0a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau c\u00f4ng khai tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Th\u1ef1c ra v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean quan r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u1ea3 hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c (n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u1eeba nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf ta nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a), nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i n\u00e0y k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i kia nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n nay?<\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft xin n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1edbn. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, khi n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u1ecb b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m bao qu\u00e1t s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00e0m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1edbn. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Edgar Morin \u1edf Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Edgar Morin c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129, b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a (c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i); v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n \u1ede ta hi\u1ec7n nay n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y k\u00e9o theo c\u00e1i kia, trong c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p, th\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: \u0111\u00e0 lao xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c \u0111ang t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecf, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c chung l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng ch\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, m\u1ee5c ru\u1ed7ng, t\u1eeb c\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i chi ti\u1ebft, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t xa, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i xa. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ta. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Maxime Gorki n\u0103m 1918, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngay gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. T\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng ngay trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng \u1ea5y, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1edbn, c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft : \u00ab … C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang! Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 mang ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh ngo\u00e0i da v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong b\u00ean trong n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n … \u00bb. Sau 1975, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng anh h\u00f9ng 30 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh ch\u00ed t\u1eed c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nan \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 duy t\u00e2n s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng nan \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5y. C\u00f2n nguy h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 l\u1eb7n v\u00e0o trong n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Gorki bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh r\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u00e9o le v\u1eady, v\u1eeba c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u00ab ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5 \u00bb kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eeba c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean b\u1ec7nh m\u00e3n t\u00ednh c\u0169, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m th\u00eam b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 ta bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sa s\u00fat c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u00ab \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t \u00bb, l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, l\u1ea1i ngay sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng huy ho\u00e0ng?<\/p>\n Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00ab n\u1ebfu \u00bb. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng cho h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n h\u00f4m nay ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n Ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean tr\u00e1ch ai. Tr\u00e1ch ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec1n minh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o sau 1975. V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u1ea7n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o. V\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u00f2ng ph\u1eb3ng. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n NTTH : Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Theo \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u00e0 v\u00ec sao ?<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc:<\/strong> Th\u1ef1c ra ngay trong m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ean – n\u1ebfu ta c\u1ee9 cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf – c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Th\u1ea5y suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 suy tho\u00e1i th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u, song nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a suy tho\u00e1i th\u00ec kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn \u1edf nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n, \u1edf ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y n\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf t\u00ednh kh\u00ed, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kia … V\u00e0 khi th\u1ea5y thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i h\u00f3a ra c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i y nh\u01b0 c\u0169 th\u00ec hoang mang, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng do nh\u1eefng e d\u00e8 ki\u00eang k\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m truy t\u00ecm cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch do ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i kia \u0111em l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n nay, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 do m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, chai l\u00ec v\u00ec qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 do b\u1ecb b\u01b0ng b\u00edt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u0169ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ra s\u1ee9c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, d\u00f9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u00edch k\u1ef7 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng v\u1eady, s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i nguy ch\u00ednh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n \n <\/p>\n NTTH : Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i Ben Wilkinson (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kennedy, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard) v\u00e0 Laura Chirot (tr\u01b0\u1eddng New School). Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. V\u00e0 theo th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ta ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sau : b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau), b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a). Theo \u00f4ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ?<\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, kh\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ebfn nay t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f3 qua, \u0111\u1ebfm x\u1ec9a \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eafc tr\u00e1ch, v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Song m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, theo t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ea5p m\u00e9 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c, d\u00f9 n\u1ebfu v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 che k\u00edn. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac s\u00f2ng ph\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho r\u00f5, b\u1edfi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00ec r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd c\u1ee9 l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n m\u00e3i trong b\u1ebf t\u1eafc l\u00f9ng nh\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng sao g\u1ee1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 l\u00e2u nay \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng chia nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n t\u01b0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a suy tho\u00e1i, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf t\u1ea7m v\u0129 m\u00f4, song r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh t\u1ec9nh.Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. Khi ta n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sa s\u00fat t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chung v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chung hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00f4 danh t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c dang suy tho\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, trong m\u1ed9t ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u00ab t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng d\u00e2n \u00bb. Ai l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ? \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kia.<\/p>\n \n <\/p>\n NTTH : N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu\u1ed9t d\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0o cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc :<\/strong> Nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e3n ti\u1ec1n: s\u1ebd m\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu l\u00e2n \u0111\u1eadn \u1edf h\u00e0ng cu\u1ed1i nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi trong khu v\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 an nguy c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n NTTH : Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o ?<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc :<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ea3n t\u01b0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a suy tho\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00e1 v\u00edu l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t, c\u00f3 khi c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c truy t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n C\u0169ng t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n H\u1ed9i An, ng\u00e0y 20\/8\/2012<\/em><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc – Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb T\u1eeb Huy<\/p>\n Ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i d\u1eabn: http:\/\/vanhoanghean.vn\/nhung-goc-nhin-van-hoa\/goc-nhin-van-hoa\/4991-nha-van-nguyen-ngoc-can-phan-tu-ve-nguyen-nhan-goc-cua-su-suy-thoai-van-hoa-va-giao-duc-.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" VHNA : V\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 sa s\u00fat, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/C\u00e1o-ph\u00f3-NVV-t\u1ea1-th\u1ebf.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/737"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=737"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":738,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/737\/revisions\/738"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}