![\"120719_baophunu1_thumb.jpg\"](\"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/120719_baophunu1_thumb.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nN\u1eef Gi\u1edbi chung (1918) T\u1edd b\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed B\u00e1o ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n \n Ph\u1ee5 N\u1eef T\u00e2n v\u0103n ( 1929-1935) L\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho d\u00f2ng b\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1edbi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i><\/p>\n \n 1. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ee3t khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p,\u00a0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\u00a0 chi\u1ebfm n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec ngay t\u1eeb khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m thu\u00ea. T\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 th\u1ee3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u1eb1m b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o l\u00e0m thu\u00ea \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ecf than H\u1ed3ng Gai, K\u1ebf B\u00e0o, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Di\u00eam B\u1ebfn Thu\u1ef7, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n cao su Nam K\u00ec… C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u1eef c\u00f4ng\u00a0 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, r\u1ea5t \u00edt n\u1eef c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tay ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 12 gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Di\u00eam B\u1ebfn Thu\u1ef7, ho\u1eb7c 15 gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh. C\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1ecf than K\u1ebf B\u00e0o, do ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 xa n\u00ean ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi 20 ti\u1ebfng ( k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111i v\u1ec1). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1eef c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 2\/3\u00a0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nam v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ebb m\u1ea1t. \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ebf\u00a0 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n Kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1eef c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ecb khinh r\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xa th\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n \u1ede n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ee3, l\u00e0m thu\u00ea, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n b\u1edfi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u1eef c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, \u0111i \u1edf, l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e3i d\u00e2m… tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. N\u0103m 1931, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 10 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100 nh\u00e0 th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ee3 con c\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c n\u1eef c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ( gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, y t\u00e1 h\u1ed9 sinh) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1eef h\u1ecdc sinh…<\/p>\n Trong to\u00e0n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ed1 n\u1eef sinh n\u0103m 1930-1931 l\u00e0 40.000 n\u1eef sinh, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1937-1938 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 60.000\u00a0 v\u00e0 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1940 s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 80.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, …\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 c\u00f4 Henriette B\u00f9i, t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc y khoa Pari (n\u0103m 1934), b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb S\u01b0\u01a1ng (n\u0103m 1940), c\u00f4 L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u0111\u1eb3ng y khoa H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (n\u0103m 1937); c\u00f4 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecb Li\u1ec5u (n\u0103m 1940), c\u00f4 L\u00fd Th\u1ecb Nguy\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, b\u00e0 Phan Th\u1ecb Li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Canh n\u00f4ng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i; c\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb M\u1ef9 r\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (n\u0103m 1928), c\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ch\u00e2u t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1eed nh\u00e2n V\u0103n khoa \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pari (n\u0103m 1936); b\u00e0 B\u00f9i Th\u1ecb C\u1ea7m t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadt khoa Pari v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Nguy\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Lu\u1eadt khoa H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i… \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129\u00a0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 c\u00f4\u00a0 Ho\u00e0ng Th\u1ecb Nga. B\u00e1o \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi<\/i> ng\u00e0y 17\/6\/1935 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00f4 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Etat…Tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao \u1edf nh\u00e0\u00a0 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3, c\u00f2n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 C\u00f4 Henritte B\u00f9i l\u00e0m ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o sanh Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn, b\u00e0 Phan Th\u1ecb Li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m \u1edf s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, c\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u201c\u00e1o T\u00edm\u201d…[\u0110B-s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u0103m 1941]<\/p>\n T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a\u00a0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nho gi\u00e1o, \u201c tam t\u00f2ng\u201d, \u201ct\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u01b0 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u (1), \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n B\u1ea9y (2), Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n T\u1ef5 v\u00e0 B\u00f9i Th\u1ebf Ph\u00fac (3)… Trong b\u00e0i \u201c Phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/i>\u201d b\u00e1o Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span> ng\u00e0y 11.8. 1934 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u00e1i phong tr\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t li\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y vang d\u1ec1n tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf b\u00e1o l\u00e0m c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n 1 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t\u00a0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y<\/i>.\u201d N\u0103m 1938, C\u1ef1u Kim S\u01a1n v\u00e0 V\u0103n Hu\u1ec7 vi\u1ebft \u201c\u0110\u1eddi ch\u1ecb em<\/span>\u201dnh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gay g\u1eaft \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ngay, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef , th\u1eadt v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/i><\/b>\u201d [C\u1ef1u Kim S\u01a1n,1932, tr2].<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, th\u00e0nh\u00a0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\u00a0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\u00a0 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n 2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945<\/b>.<\/p>\n Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, tr\u00ean\u00a0 t\u1edd \u0110\u1ea1i Nam \u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o<\/span> (\u0110N\u0110CTB)- m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\u00a0 hi\u1ebfm hoi trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c Nh\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/i><\/b>. Ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1907, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh phong tr\u00e0o Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o Duy T\u00e2n do c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0110N\u0110CTB c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ed5 v\u0169 phong tr\u00e0o Duy T\u00e2n, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.\u00a0 M\u1ee5c Nh\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/i><\/b> do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00fat danh ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0110\u00e0o Th\u1ecb Loan\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111i h\u1ecdc, g\u1eafn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Duy t\u00e2n, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu trong sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u01b0 t\u1ee5c t\u1ea3o h\u00f4n, ham m\u00ea h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u1ea7u b\u00f3ng… \u0110N\u0110CTB b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 1913, m\u1ee5c Nh\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0n<\/i><\/b> l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch<\/i>\u00ed<\/span> ( \u0110DTC) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1915, khi \u0110DTC tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u00ec m\u1ee5c Nh\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 <\/i><\/b>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean Trung B\u1eafc t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span> (TBTV) c\u0169ng do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u00ecn chung, m\u1ee5c Nh\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/i><\/b>\u00a0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1edd \u0110N\u0110CTB, \u0110DTC, TBTV \u0111\u1ec1u do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh vi\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1, v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c B\u1eafc K\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u00a0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang\u00a0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o ri\u00eang cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ngay t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 35 ra ng\u00e0y 8\/1\/1914. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0: b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1edbi xin, sinh n\u1edf, gi\u1ea7u cau, b\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i, c\u1ed7 b\u00e0n, kh\u0103n \u00e1o… ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef theo quan ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n xuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cc\u00f4ng k\u00edch gi\u1edbi r\u00e2u m\u00e0y<\/i>\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ra n\u1eef ba\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c B\u1eafc K\u00ec, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m 1918, t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1edd N\u1eef gi\u1edbi chung<\/i> (NGC) do S\u01b0\u01a1ng Nguy\u1ec7t Anh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat.<\/p>\n M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong Ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i> c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o l\u00e0: \u201c\u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eef h\u1ecdc, ch\u1edb ch\u1eb3ng d\u00e1m can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng d\u00e1m \u0111ua tranh v\u1edbi b\u1eadc t\u00e0i trai<\/i>\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong bu\u1ed5i giao th\u1eddi \u201ch\u1ecdc c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 suy, h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a th\u1ea1nh… n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 sai m\u1ed9t li th\u00ec \u0111i ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m, h\u1eadu v\u1eadn t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c ta t\u1ea5n ho\u00e1 c\u0169ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ed1i ho\u00e1 c\u0169ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3<\/i>\u201d\u00a0 v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, theo NGC \u201ctr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e3y g\u00e2y n\u00ean hai b\u1ef1c: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng\u201d hai l\u00e0 \u201c thi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eap\u201d, ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, sang h\u00e8n ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c tr\u00ed n\u00e3o. Thi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 con g\u00e1i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean tay. C\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m v\u1ee3, l\u00e0m m\u1eb9. c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec m\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng nh\u1edd ch\u1ed3ng, nh\u1edd con. v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u00edch chung c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1eefa<\/i>\u201d (NGC-1\/2\/1918]. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, <\/i>N\u1eef gi\u1edbi chung<\/span> <\/i>\u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 19\/7\/1918. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, ( h\u01a1n 5 th\u00e1ng) nh\u01b0ng NGC v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1edd b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111i ti\u00ean phong trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u01a1\u1ec9 x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef.<\/p>\n Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y qua b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1edd n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trang \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u01b0: Trung b\u1eafc t\u00e2n v\u0103n <\/i> v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee5c Nh\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0,<\/b><\/i> b\u00e1o Th\u1ea7n Chung<\/i>,<\/span> b\u00e1o <\/i><\/b>C\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn <\/b><\/i>c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c L\u1eddi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i;<\/i><\/b> Khai ho\u00e1 nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o<\/i> c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c V\u0103n n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/i><\/b>v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n<\/i><\/b>, \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi b\u00e1o<\/i> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c V\u0103n n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/i><\/b> v\u00e0 L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, <\/i><\/b>H\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ng\u1ecd b\u00e1o<\/i> c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c Ti\u1ebfng oanh;<\/i><\/b> B\u00e1o V\u0103n minh <\/i>c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n…<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean Nam Phong <\/i>(NP) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.\u00a0 L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean NP mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n, n\u1eef h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i N\u1eef nquy\u1ec1n <\/i>(NP s\u1ed1 159 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 173 ), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng<\/i> ( NP- s\u1ed1 118), V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 con ga\u00ed<\/i>( NP-s\u1ed1 49 ), N\u1eef h\u1ecdc<\/i> (NP s\u1ed1159 ), T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 <\/i>(NP s\u1ed1 99 )… B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 con g\u00e1i<\/i> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh (NP s\u1ed1 4), N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam (\u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 theo phong t\u1ee5c, theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/i> (NP s\u1ed1 93 )…, H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c\u00a0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 V\u0103n n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/i><\/b> ho\u1eb7c Ti\u1ebfng Oanh<\/i><\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o… C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/i><\/b>, ho\u1eb7c V\u0103n n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/i><\/b> \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o Th\u1ea7n Chung,<\/i> C\u00f4ng Lu\u1eadn, \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi b\u00e1o<\/i> ho\u1eb7c H\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ng\u1ecd b\u00e1o…<\/i><\/p>\n Sau khi N\u1eef gi\u1edbi chun<\/i>g<\/span> \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0o d\u00e0nh\u00a0 ri\u00eang cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u1eefa. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1925, 1926\u00a0 Trung B\u1eafc t\u00e2n v\u0103n <\/i>\u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cN\u00ean<\/i> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o cho \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 con g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecdc<\/i>\u201d. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ra n\u1eef b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u xong v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. N\u0103m 1927, sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp N\u1eef c\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i \u1edf Hu\u1ebf b\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean H\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ng\u1ecd b\u00e1o<\/i>. Theo b\u00e0, t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang b\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9t th\u00ec t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef bi\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u hay m\u00e0 l\u00e0m, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ecf nh\u1eb1m v\u00e3n h\u1ed3i c\u00e1i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0169, b\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u th\u00eam c\u00e1i v\u0103n ho\u00e1 m\u1edbi qua d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. Th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap H\u1ed9i n\u1eef c\u00f4ng <\/i>khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c. B\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u201c xin ch\u1ecb em suy x\u00e9t cho k\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau m\u01b0u toan vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u00edch, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1edd ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i>\u201d(HTNB-25\/11\/1927). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1929, t\u1edd b\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/i>(PNTV) –<\/i>t\u1edd\u00a0 n\u1eef b\u00e1o th\u1ee9 hai trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0 m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi .<\/p>\n V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o PNTV n\u0103m 1929, \u0111\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb 1930 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945, \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean d\u00f2ng b\u00e1o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 1930-1935,\u00a0 \u1edf c\u1ea3 ba k\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u00a0 b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh, t\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n th\u00ec t\u1edd kh\u00e1c ra \u0111\u1eddi.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o N\u1eef gi\u1edbi chung (<\/i>1918), Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/i> (1929-1935) \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0m- <\/i>PNT\u0110 (1930-1934) \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn<\/i> -PNTT (1932-1934) \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi- <\/i>\u0110BM (1934-1936) \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, N\u1eef l\u01b0u –<\/i>NL (1936-1937)\u00a0 \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Vi\u1ec7t n\u1eef<\/i> -VN (1937) \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/i> -PN (1938-1939) \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, N\u1eef c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed-<\/i>NCTC (1936-1938) \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, N\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/i> -NG (1938-1939) \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0-<\/i> \u0110B (1939-1945), B\u1ea1n G\u00e1<\/i>i<\/span> -BG 1945), Vi\u1ec7t n\u1eef<\/i> -VN (1945) \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.(10)<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0\u201c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/i> (PNTV), \u201cl\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb em v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 mong l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1i chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00edch cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi sau n\u00e0y<\/i>\u201d ( PNT\u0110), \u201c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan m\u1edf mang ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn \u0111em l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u xa truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng anh ch\u1ecb b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp non s\u00f4ng chia s\u1edbt l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd ch\u1ecb em trong l\u00fac s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i t\u00e2n th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1\u201d<\/i> ( PNTT), l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u1ebft cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 do ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef vi\u1ebft<\/i> ( VN-1937)..<\/p>\n \n L\u00e0 h\u1ec7\u00a0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u201ctr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u00e0\u00a0 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xoay xung quanh n\u00f3<\/i>\u201d (9-tr191). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1edd ch\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n minh, t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1eeda cho kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi..\u201d<\/i> (PNTV), \u201c mong ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u00ean n\u1ecd , d\u00ecu d\u1eaft b\u00ean kia l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u suy x\u00e9t \u1ea5y l\u00e0m \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafn \u0111o l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn… \u1edf trong lu\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u01b0a, phong tr\u00e0o m\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng th\u00ec ta theo…\u201d<\/i> ( PNT\u0110), \u201c dung ho\u00e0 t\u00e2n c\u1ef1u, c\u1ef1u t\u1ed1t th\u00ec gi\u1eef c\u1ef1u l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 t\u00e2n t\u1ed1t th\u00ec c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh..<\/i>.\u201d ( PNTT) v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/i>\u201d (VN- 1945)<\/p>\n V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3:<\/p>\n – M\u1ee5c x\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft<\/span>: M\u1ee5c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean trang nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed5n b\u00e1o<\/i>\u201d (NGC), \u201cgi\u00fap cho qu\u00fd c\u00f4 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/i>\u201d (PNTV)<\/span> n\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ( PNTV, PNTT, \u0110BM, \u0110B), ho\u1eb7c t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat b\u00e1o, ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat b\u00e1o ( NGC, PNT\u0110, \u0110B, VN, PN) ri\u00eang tr\u00ean Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0m <\/i>(b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi) th\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ghi ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat b\u00e1o l\u00e0 ai nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i x\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean trang nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Phan Kh\u00f4i). N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a\u00a0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i x\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u00a0 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c b\u00e0i x\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 t\u1edd N\u1eef gi\u1edbi chung, Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n, Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0m, Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn <\/i>. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi <\/i>v\u00e0\u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0, Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, c<\/i>\u00e1c b\u00e0i ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn \u00edt d\u1ea7n \u0111i, c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi<\/i> ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u00e0nh cho qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o (nh\u01b0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb\u00a0 s\u1ed1 55 ng\u00e0y 28.3.1936 t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 76 ng\u00e0y17.8.1936) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u0103ng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ec, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i …<\/p>\n – T<\/span>\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1<\/i> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n – Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/p>\n – M\u1ee5c gia ch\u00e1nh, v\u1ec7 sinh, nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/i> l\u00e0\u00a0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c\u00a0 m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o<\/p>\n – M\u1ee5c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>: <\/i>th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u0103ng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ec, chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i, th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef…<\/p>\n – M\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/i>: d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u cho qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o thu\u1ed1c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m…<\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean b\u00e1o \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/span> c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c Chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang<\/i><\/b> d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e1c th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n kh\u00fac trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n…<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5\u00a0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n\u00a0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5: ngay trong\u00a0 s\u1ed1 ra m\u1eaft Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c danh nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/i> Cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 tham gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c danh nh\u00e2n, ch\u00ed s\u0129 nh\u01b0\u00a0 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng,\u00a0 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch nh\u01b0: Phan V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, B\u00f9i Quang Chi\u00eau, Nguy\u1ec5n Phan Long v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n trong l\u00e0ng b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, Di\u1ec7p V\u0103n K\u00ec, Phan Kh\u00f4i, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n B\u00e1, Cao V\u0103n Ch\u00e1nh, \u0110\u1ea1m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eef s\u1eed…Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span> c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c thi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0\u00a0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/i>, cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn Ki\u1ec1u n\u00ean khen hay n\u00ean ch\u00ea.<\/i>..\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 r\u00e8n c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi<\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn\u00a0 tr\u00ean b\u00e1o\u00a0 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n – V\u1ee3 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n ch\u1ed3ng?, Ch\u1ed3ng t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n v\u1ee3? Hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng t\u00e0i tr\u00ed ngang nhau? nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00eam\u00a0 \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng? Gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u00eam \u00e1i nh\u1ea5t<\/i>? (\u0110BM-30.3.1935)<\/p>\n – \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 go\u00e1 c\u00f3 n\u00ean c\u1ea3i gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng<\/i>?(\u0110BM-13-4-1935)<\/p>\n – C\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng<\/i>? ( v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 b\u00e9, kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e1i ho\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ng\u1ea1i d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn) .(\u0110BM -27.4.1935)<\/p>\n – Tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3: v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con th\u00ec c\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 hai \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng<\/i>? ((\u0110BM-8.7.1935)<\/p>\n – So s\u00e1nh b\u00e0 Jeanne D\u2019 Act v\u00e0 hai b\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng th\u00ec b\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n <\/i>( \u0110BM-29.7.1935)<\/p>\n –D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7? \u0110\u1ed9c t\u00e0i? Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn? trong ba ch\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn\u00a0 ch\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o<\/i>? (\u0110BM-12.8.1935)<\/p>\n B\u00e1o \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/span> t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c thi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u201c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu\u201d.<\/i>..<\/p>\n B\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t n\u1eef<\/span> n\u0103m 1945 ti\u00e9n h\u00e0nh ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nam n\u1eef b\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n…<\/p>\n C\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o, n\u00ean s\u1ed1 trang th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 trang. <\/b>V\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1edd nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c . V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1edd N\u1eef gi\u1edbi chung<\/span> c\u00f3 24 trang kh\u1ed5 29x41cm, t\u1edd Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span> 32 trang kh\u1ed5 23×32,5 cm,\u00a0 Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0m <\/span>kh\u1ed5 20,5 x27 cm c\u00f3 28 trang, b\u00e1o \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi<\/span> kh\u1ed5 30×44 cm, c\u00f3 28 trang..<\/p>\n \n \n \u0110\u1ed9i\u00a0 ng\u0169 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/p>\n H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec1u ra \u0111\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1930-1945 (tr\u1eeb t\u1edd N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi chung<\/i>) l\u00e0\u00a0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u. Sau h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi\u00a0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh T\u1ed5ng quy<\/i> \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, s\u1ed1 n\u1eef sinh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng\u00a0 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.\u00a0 V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng b\u00e1o n\u1eef ngo\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ee9c x\u00fac c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\u00a0 \u0111ang l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u00fd do kinh t\u1ebf.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng khai, c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 t\u1edd N\u1eef gi\u1edbi chung<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o ra \u0111\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat b\u00e1o l\u00e0 b\u00e0 S\u01b0\u01a1ng Nguy\u1ec7t Anh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 b\u00e1o v\u1eabn l\u00e0\u00a0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean quan thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1edd\u00a0 n\u1eef b\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.\u00a0 Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u, tuy c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p\u00a0 t\u1edd Ph\u1ee5 N\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n <\/span> ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m l\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0m <\/span>. \u0110\u1ebfn Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> , b\u00e0 L\u00ea Th\u00e0nh T\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u00eam c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat b\u00e1o .V\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4 L\u01b0u th\u1ecb Y\u1ebfn t\u1ee9c Thu\u1ef5 An, (b\u00e1o \u0110BM v\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0110B), T\u00f4 Th\u1ecb \u0110\u1ec7 (NL), Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Th\u1ea3o ( PN), <\/span>Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thanh T\u00fa ( VN)…<\/p>\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c n\u1eef ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat, ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m b\u00e1o, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o n\u1eef c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong l\u00e0ng b\u00e1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ki\u00eam, Ph\u1ea1m V\u00e2n Anh, V\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i, L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ef3nh Lan, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb B\u1ea1ch Minh, Phan Th\u1ecb Nga, Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb H\u01b0\u1eddng… tr\u00ean Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span>, Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Trinh Ch\u00ednh, Li\u00ean H\u01b0\u01a1ng, Thu V\u00e2n… tr\u00ean Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0m<\/span>, c\u00e1c c\u00f4\u00a0 D\u00e3 Lan, Gi\u1ea1 th\u1ea3o, Mme Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb An Ho\u00e0, Madame T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Vinh, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb B\u1ea1ch Mai, Mme \u0110inh\u00a0 Gia Thuy\u1ebft, H\u1ea3i N\u1eef, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Xu\u00e2n Mai, Mlle Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Dung, Mlle Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t, Mlle L\u00ea Hoa… tr\u00ean Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn<\/span>; Lan H\u01b0\u01a1ng, L\u1ec7 Chi… tr\u00ean B\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef;<\/span> B\u00edch Mai, Thu V\u00e2n, H\u1ed3ng Nh\u1eadt, Chung Th\u1ecb V\u00e2n, Song Nga… tr\u00ean \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi<\/span>; Thanh T\u00fa, M\u1ed9ng S\u01a1n, Ng\u1ecdc Lan, Th\u1ea1ch Lan, Vi\u1ec7t Thanh… tr\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t N\u1eef;<\/span> Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb L\u1ef1u, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thu, Mai Hu\u1ef3nh Hoa…tr\u00ean N\u1eef l\u01b0u<\/span>, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Lan, M\u1ed9ng S\u01a1n, C\u00f4 Trinh, Duy\u00ean H\u00e0, Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc Ch\u00e2u, H\u1eb1ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3o Ca, b\u00e0 Phan Quang \u0110\u1ecbnh, Thu Linh… tr\u00ean b\u00e1o \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/span>. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1eef nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n – S\u01b0\u01a1ng Nguy\u1ec7t Anh-v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 n\u1eef ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0\u00a0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n – \u0110\u1ea1m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eef s\u1eed, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u1eef c\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i Hu\u1ebf, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u00e0\u00a0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tham gia vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o t\u1eeb kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/i> tr\u00ean Trung b\u1eafc t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1918, b\u00e0 c\u0169ng tham gia vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i cho nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span>, \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0…<\/span><\/p>\n \n <\/p>\n – Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Nhu\u1eadn,( t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Cao Th\u1ecb Khanh) ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m b\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef T\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span>, t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c tham gia vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i, b\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u00a0 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span> nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u00eam, \u0110\u1ea5u x\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7\u00a0 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, g\u00e2y qu\u1ef9 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh ngh\u00e8o, quy\u00ean g\u00f3p gi\u00fap H\u1ed9i D\u1ee5c Anh…<\/p>\n – Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ki\u00eam-\u00a0 Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef T\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span>.C\u00f4 tham gia vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn, ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4 c\u00f2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ed1i th\u01a1 m\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00fat danh Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Manh Manh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n…<\/p>\n – Thu\u1ef5 An ( T\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 L\u01b0u Th\u1ecb Y\u1ebfn)- Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m, ki\u00eam ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat c\u1ee7a hai t\u1edd b\u00e1o l\u1edbn\u00a0 \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi <\/span>v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/span>. C\u00f4 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1o, t\u1eeb x\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1,\u00a0 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, th\u01a1…<\/p>\n -Phan Th\u1ecb Nga c\u0169ng tham gia vi\u1ebft cho nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o Tr\u00e0ng An, H\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ng\u1ecd B\u00e1o,<\/span> Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n,<\/span> …c\u00f4 c\u0169ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n – C\u00e1c c\u00f4 V\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i, M\u1ed9ng S\u01a1n, Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u1ecb B\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Th\u1ea3o, Thu V\u00e2n,\u00a0 B\u00edch Mai, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb L\u1ef1u, Mai Hu\u1ef3nh Hoa… l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong l\u00e0ng b\u00e1o.(8)<\/p>\n V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i n\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c trang ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a\u00a0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n \n <\/b><\/p>\n 3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o.<\/b><\/p>\n *Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh\u00a0 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n <\/i><\/b>T\u1eeb\u00a0 ch\u1ed7 cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb\u00a0 tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 tr\u00ean t\u1edd N\u1eef gi\u1edbi chung<\/span> n\u0103m 1918,\u00a0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1c b\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span>,Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0m<\/span>, Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn<\/span> , \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi…<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\u00a0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span> k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u201cNgh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i lo cho c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/i>\u201d (PNTV-20.3.1930) \u201c M\u1edf c\u1eeda c\u00e1c s\u1edf cho \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00f4<\/i>\u201d (PNTV-27.8.1931). Trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1936-1939, b\u00e1o \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi<\/span> k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0 tham ch\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng khai th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng khai \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb khi Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u201c Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef h\u1ed3i gia\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt qua n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam . Tr\u00ean b\u00e1o \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/span> h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh y\u00ean l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3. Cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c\u00a0 n\u1eef tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u0103m 1941 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea5p \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc hay c\u00f4ng s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p\u00a0 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4 V\u0169 Th\u1ecb Hi\u1ec1n-c\u1eed nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt <\/i>\u1edf Pari hay c\u00f4 Kim Oanh – k\u0129 s\u01b0 canh n\u00f4ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m<\/i> v\u1eabn coi gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Kim Anh vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n tr\u00ean b\u00e1o D\u00e2n ch\u00fang<\/span> n\u0103m 1938.<\/p>\n *<\/b>Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh\u00a0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n <\/b>Ra \u0111\u1eddi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, c\u00f2n \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quan t\u00e2m, c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u1eef\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u trang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1edd n\u1eef b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 v\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n ho\u00e1, N\u1eef h\u1ecdc- gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u1ee9ng c\u1eed, quy\u1ec1n tham ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a nam n\u1eef b\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n) tr\u00ean t\u1edd N\u1eef gi\u1edbi chung<\/span>, h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m sau Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/span> \u201c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/i>\u201d trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. N\u0103m 1934, t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u201cth\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/i>\u201d (7, tr187) c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n trong vi\u00eac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7p…\u0110\u1ebfn\u00a0 n\u0103m 1936\u00a0 \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u01a1\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00f2i\u00a0 \u201ccho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf th\u0103m<\/i>\u201d . V\u00e0 n\u0103m 1945 B\u1ea1n g\u00e1i<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e1o n\u1ee9c\u00a0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n T\u00e2m \u0110an v\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi- Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0.<\/p>\n *Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n \n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n