Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed n\u00f3i ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m th\u01b0-k\u00fd \u1edf c\u00e1c T\u00f2a C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9 L\u00e0o Cai, Ki\u1ebfn An, B\u1eafc Ninh c\u00f9ng l\u00fac l\u00e0m c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean cho hai t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p Courrier de Hai Phong v\u00e0 Tribune Indochinoise c\u1ee7a Fran\u00e7ois-Henri Schneider v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u1edf T\u00f2a \u0110\u1ed1c-l\u00fd H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. N\u0103m 1906, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111i d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea5u x\u1ea3o \u1edf Marseille, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed (th\u0103m t\u00f2a b\u00e1o Revue de Paris, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Hachette v\u00e0 NXB T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Larousse). Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, \u00f4ng xin th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, m\u1edf nh\u00e0 in, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u0103n th\u01a1.<\/p>\n
* * *<\/b><\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1907, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Dufour m\u1edf nh\u00e0 in \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef cho t\u1edd \u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng B\u00e1o<\/i> (1907-1909) do Schneider s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc (trong khi Nam-k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edd b\u00e1o ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong su\u1ed1t g\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 : Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> 1865, Phan Y\u00ean B\u00e1o<\/i> 1868, Nam-K\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ecba Ph\u1eadn<\/i> 1883, N\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 M\u00edn \u0110\u00e0n<\/i> 1900, L\u1ee5c T\u1ec9nh T\u00e2n V\u0103n<\/i> 1907,… ). \u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng B\u00e1o<\/i> v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1edd\u0110\u1ea1i-Nam \u0110\u1ed3ng V\u0103n Nh\u1eadt B\u00e1o<\/i> ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1892, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng-b\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 2 n\u0103m. V\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, t\u1edd \u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng B\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u1ea3nh-h\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1eafc-thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Tr\u00ean t\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i hoa v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng k\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00fat hi\u1ec7u T\u00e2n Nam T\u1eed, \u0110\u00e0o Th\u1ecb Loan.<\/p>\n
Sau khi t\u1edd \u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng B\u00e1o<\/i> \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m hai t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p Notre Journal<\/i> (19-10-1908), Notre Revue<\/i> (1910) ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat t\u1edd L\u1ee5c T\u1ec9nh T\u00e2n V\u0103n<\/i> \u1edf S\u00e0i-G\u00f2n. T\u1edd Notre Journal<\/i> l\u00e0m c\u01a1 quan li\u00ean l\u1ea1c cho vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y b\u1ea3o-h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Notre Revue<\/i> ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 12 s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng B\u00e1o<\/i> \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 15-5-1913 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p cho ra m\u1eaft t\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed<\/i> m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ‘V\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1’ l\u00ean \u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t do Vi\u1ec7t Nam Quang Ph\u1ee5c H\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i H\u00f4tel Hanoi ng\u00e0y 22-4-1913. T\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed<\/i> l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1edd L\u1ee5c T\u1ec9nh T\u00e2n V\u0103n<\/i> trong Nam v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 85 (31-12-1914) t\u1edd b\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eafm ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb s\u1ed1 86 (10-1-1915) \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 102 (31-12-1916) t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng trang v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch, bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, phong t\u1ee5c, v\u0103n-h\u00f3a, v.v. v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. V\u1eabn Fran\u00e7ois-Henri Schneider l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m th\u00eam t\u1edd Trung B\u1eafc T\u00e2n V\u0103n<\/i> c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a Schneider. N\u0103m 1919, Schneider r\u00fat lui v\u00ec gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o v\u00e0 mua l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 in. N\u0103m 1919, \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed<\/i> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh H\u1ecdc B\u00e1o<\/i> song ng\u1eef Ph\u00e1p-Vi\u1ec7t, b\u00e0i so\u1ea1n theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Nha ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc-k\u1ef3, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n thi sau n\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi Emile Vayrac, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh m\u1edf ban tu-th\u01b0 ‘\u00c2u-T\u00e2y T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng\/La pens\u00e9e de l\u2019Occident’ chuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p d\u1ecbch ra Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. T\u1edd\u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed<\/i> v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc B\u00e1o <\/i>qui t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 khoa b\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc-k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed7 M\u1ee5c, Phan K\u1ebf B\u00ednh, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed1, Ph\u1ea1m Duy T\u1ed1n, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Tr\u1ea1c, T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ti\u1ebfn, Th\u00e2n Tr\u1ecdng Hu\u1ec1, v.v. D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u00fac th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u00c2u-t\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef khi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u00e2n-h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ef1u-h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
T\u1edd Trung B\u1eafc T\u00e2n V\u0103n<\/i> (1913-) t\u1eeb 1919 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o 4 trang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945, v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 trang Trung B\u1eafc Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 v\u0103n-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng T\u0103ng B\u00ed, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Tr\u1ea1c chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed7 M\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch ti\u1ec3u-thuy\u1ebft T\u00e0u v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh bao s\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1931, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh cho ra t\u1edd L’Annam Nouveau<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 quan ng\u00f4n-lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1edd Nam-Phong t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh ‘Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn’. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng duy t\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c tr\u1ecb, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u b\u1ed9i tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p ban t\u1eb7ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n g\u1eedi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft gi\u1eef c\u1ee5 Phan Chu Trinh. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gia nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1907, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng-Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c (Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n xin th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, d\u1ea1y vi\u1ebft v\u0103n v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft), sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u01b0-v\u1ea5n B\u1eafc-k\u1ef3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, tuy v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00f2a b\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 in c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ee1 n\u1ee3. Gia s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch bi\u00ean. \u00d4ng b\u1ecf \u0111i \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0ng \u1edf L\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y 1-5-1936 v\u00ec s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t, trong con thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1ed9c tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng S\u00eap\u00f4n, m\u1ed9t tay v\u1eabn n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y b\u00fat c\u00f2n tay kia l\u00e0 t\u1eadp gi\u1ea5y \u0111ang vi\u1ebft d\u1edf ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 “M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm v\u00e0ng”. B\u00e1o gi\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 phong t\u1eb7ng \u00f4ng danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cTh\u1ee7y T\u1ed5 Nh\u00e0 B\u00e1o B\u1eafc K\u1ef3\u201d.<\/p>\n
* * *<\/b><\/p>\n
V\u0103n vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, hay d\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef d\u00e2n gian Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ecf ra \u00edt \u1ea3nh-h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n bi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabu v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch H\u00e1n v\u0103n, v\u00e0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a theo ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. T\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Man di hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i”, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn-nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a. Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t “T\u00e2n Nam t\u1eed” c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ecf r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c “Nh\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0” tr\u00ean t\u1edd \u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng B\u00e1o<\/i>, t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u00fat hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0o Th\u1ecb Loan.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, vi\u1ebft v\u0103n. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111a d\u1ea1ng : vi\u1ebft tin t\u1ee9c, x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn, l\u00e0m th\u01a1, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 (“T\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf tr\u1edf v\u1ec1” <\/i>v\u00e0 “M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm v\u00e0ng” \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1edd L’Annam nouveau<\/i>). \u1ede b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c cao r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00e9t s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u00f9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u01a1 d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh r\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Th\u01a1 M\u1edbi sau n\u00e0y. Tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed<\/i> s\u1ed1 40 (1913), Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch th\u01a1 ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a La Fontaine, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn b\u00e1o \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch theo l\u1ed1i gieo v\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n
“Ve s\u1ea7u k\u00eau ve ve,<\/p>\n
Su\u1ed1t m\u00f9a h\u00e8.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5c th\u1ed5i,<\/p>\n
Ngu\u1ed3n c\u01a1n th\u1eadt b\u1ed1i-r\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n,<\/p>\n
Ru\u1ed3i b\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t con.<\/p>\n
V\u00e1c mi\u1ec7ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u00fam-n\u00fam<\/p>\n
Sang ch\u1ecb Ki\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng-x\u00f3m,<\/p>\n
Xin c\u00f9ng ch\u1ecb cho vay,<\/p>\n
Gi\u0103m ba h\u1ea1t qua ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
– T\u1eeb nay sang th\u00e1ng h\u1ea1,<\/p>\n
Em l\u1ea1i xin \u0111em tr\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu, th\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5t Tr\u1eddi!<\/p>\n
Xin \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 v\u1ed1n l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
T\u00ednh Ki\u1ebfn gh\u00e9t vay c\u1eady;<\/p>\n
Th\u00f3i \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 ch\u1ecb<\/p>\n
– N\u1eafng r\u00e1o ch\u00fa l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi Ve nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
Ve r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n
– Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00eam ng\u00e0y,<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i h\u00e1t, thi\u1ec7t g\u00ec b\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n
– X\u01b0a ch\u00fa h\u00e1t!<\/p>\n
Nay th\u1eed m\u00faa coi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
(\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed, 1914)”<\/p>\n
Th\u01a1 c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n \u00f4m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t qui lu\u1eadt th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, g\u1ea7n 20 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0i T\u00ecnh Gi\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Phan Kh\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra H\u1ed9i d\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch “\u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n-qu\u1ed1c c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch hay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ea7u\u2026. ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng: s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho d\u00e2n ta l\u1eafm…” (\u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng B\u00e1o, <\/i>810, 25\u20137\u20131907). \u00d4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 ti\u00ean phong. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc danh s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Pascal. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch th\u01a1, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00e0i k\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u01a1 ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n La Fontaine, truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch Perrault (Truy\u1ec7n Tr\u1ebb Con), h\u00e0i k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Moli\u00e8re (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1ea3 H\u1ecdc L\u00e0m Sang, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bi\u1ec3n L\u1eadn, Gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c, B\u1ec7nh T\u01b0\u1edfng), ti\u1ec3u-thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Emile Vayrac, c\u1ee7a Balzac (Mi\u1ebfng Da L\u1eeba), Victor Hugo (Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n), Alexandre Dumas (Ba Ch\u00e0ng Ng\u1ef1 L\u00e2m Ph\u00e1o Th\u1ee7), Mai N\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ec7 C\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Abb\u00e9 Pr\u00e9vost, T\u00ea-L\u00ea-M\u00e1c Phi\u00eau L\u01b0u K\u00fd c\u1ee7a F\u00e9n\u00e9lon, Qui-li-ve Du K\u00fd c\u1ee7a J. Swift, v.v. t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t <\/i>v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch N\u00f4m ra Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t-Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ecbch Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Abel del Michels – Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u T\u00e2n Truy\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1884); \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a t\u1eebng ch\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n-t\u00edch li\u00ean h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c t\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, hay, c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Lu\u1eadn L\u00fd H\u1ecdc, Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Y\u1ebfu L\u01b0\u1ee3c, Chuy\u1ec7n C\u00e1c B\u1eadc Danh Nh\u00e2n Hy L\u1ea1p) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00e1-\u0111\u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eafc chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng-T\u00e2y. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, phong tr\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1904 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch Chinh \u0110\u00f4ng Chinh T\u00e2y, Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Phong Th\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n v\u00f5 hi\u1ec7p, \u1edf B\u1eafc th\u00ec c\u00f3 Tam Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (Phan K\u1ebf B\u00ednh, 1907), r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng \u0110\u00f4ng Chu Li\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c, T\u00e2y S\u01b0\u01a1ng K\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed7 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u00e0 Trung B\u1eafc T\u00e2n-v\u0103n, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m truy\u1ec7n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m c\u1ee7a ta nh\u01b0 V\u0169 Trung T\u00f9y B\u00fat, L\u0129nh Nam Ch\u00edch Qu\u00e1i, Truy\u1ec1n K\u1ef3 M\u1ea1n L\u1ee5c, Vi\u1ec7t Lam Xu\u00e2n Thu. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p ra ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ti\u00ean phong v\u1edbi Truy\u1ec7n Phan Sa Di\u1ec5n Ra Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef (1884) g\u1ed3m truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n La Fontaine; T\u00ea-L\u00ea-M\u00e1c Phi\u00eau L\u01b0u K\u00fd,… Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00e1nh Chi\u1ebfu k\u00fd K\u1ef3 L\u00e2n C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch Ti\u1ec1n C\u0103n B\u00e1o H\u1ea7u (Le Comte de Monte-Cristo c\u1ee7a Alexandre Dumas, \u0111\u0103ng L\u1ee5c-T\u1ec9nh T\u00e2n-V\u0103n<\/i>. \u1ede ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i>; tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 Nam Phong t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed<\/i> th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3-lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u-thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1n phong nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng khai s\u00e1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 cho ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed, H\u1ecdc B\u00e1o, Trung B\u1eafc T\u00e2n V\u0103n<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh n\u1ec1n v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef t\u1eeb ph\u00f4i thai \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ef1 tin. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, khi t\u1edd Gia-\u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 ch\u00f3t th\u00ec Nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc H\u00e1n-N\u00f4m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 : Chu M\u1ea1nh Trinh m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1905, Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea5t 1906 v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1909,… \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef m\u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1n phong, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n Nam 35 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ebfn khi hai \u0111\u1ea5t “ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u0103n v\u1eadt” v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh gia nh\u1eadp d\u00f2ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n-N\u00f4m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Hoa H\u00e1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng xa d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1eeb nay ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp h\u01a1n, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, m\u1edf mang d\u00e2n tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e2n theo th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 v\u0103n ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef h\u00f3a: truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u, L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean, truy\u1ec7n Hoa Ti\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Qu\u1ed1c S\u1eed Di\u1ec5n Ca,… t\u1eeb 1903 \u0111\u1ebfn 1912. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i bang cai tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi kho t\u00e0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. V\u1eeba b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a chung, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f2n gi\u00fap canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u00e2n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbnh thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, truy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1901 \u0111\u1ebfn 1932, 30 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong Nam \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 70 b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u. N\u0103m 1907, truy\u1ec7n Tam Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00ed do Phan K\u1ebf B\u00ednh d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ebf Ng\u0169 xem l\u00e0 “cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef”, th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00ec ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed1n Chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1eddi X\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd in n\u0103m 1866 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n xu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean 74 trang b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n! Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ph\u00f4i thai n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn: l\u1eddi s\u1eafc b\u00e9n m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng quy\u1ebfn r\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, nh\u1eafm c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4i d\u00f2ng tr\u00edch t\u1eeb V\u0103n Minh T\u00e2n H\u1ecdc S\u00e1ch<\/i> (1906), m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00f4 danh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o “ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c”: “Tr\u1ea7m ng\u00e2m suy ngh\u0129 cho c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm k\u1ebf m\u1edf mang d\u00e2n tr\u00ed gi\u1eefa mu\u00f4n ngh\u00ecn kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 …”.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1913, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, l\u1eadp ph\u1ee7 To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n, h\u1ed9i Khai Tr\u00ed Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c (1919) m\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00fd, tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 (EFEO) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam-k\u1ef3 tuy h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam-k\u1ef3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 c\u1ef1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ebft c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tai m\u1eaft d\u1ec5 thao t\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, v.v. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i Tr\u00ed Tri, v\u00e0 Khai Tr\u00ed Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p cho ra \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed<\/i> (15-5-1913-) r\u1ed3i Nam-Phong t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed<\/i> (1-7-1917 \u0111\u1ebfn 12-1934). T\u1eeb khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khoa c\u1eed l\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf n\u0103m 1915 \u1edf B\u1eafc v\u00e0 1919 \u1edf Trung, gi\u1edbi Nho h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb giao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n th\u1eafng th\u1ebf. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u00e9p d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a d\u00e2n ta b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, b\u1ecf thi ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u0169ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2m \u00fd b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c trong gi\u1edbi s\u0129 phu m\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch V\u0103n th\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ra ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o Minh t\u00e2n, Duy t\u00e2n, \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh ngh\u0129a-th\u1ee5c h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00e2y l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc s\u0129 phu n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 thu nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng “gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e2n x\u1ee9 s\u1edf” khi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb “g\u1eady \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadp l\u01b0ng \u00f4ng” b\u00e8n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ngh\u0129a-th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1eaft t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o! N\u1ebfu \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eeb 1865, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c khai-ph\u00f3ng, th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho “v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef”, th\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, Nam-Phong t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi “s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng khai-h\u00f3a” m\u00e0 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n Albert Sarraut \u0111\u00e3 r\u00eau rao – nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u00f4ng ta bi\u1ebft \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung-Hoa qua t\u00e2n-th\u01b0, t\u00e2n-v\u0103n nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng thua g\u00ec hi\u1ec3m nguy n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng ta mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i duy nh\u1ea5t! T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam! Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch “t\u1ea7m th\u1ef1c” v\u00e0 “chia \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb” c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng v\u00f5! Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0110\u00f4ng t\u00e2y v\u1edbi chi\u00eau b\u00e0i “Ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 hu\u1ec1”, ph\u1ecfng d\u1ecbch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t ra ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 “N\u01b0\u1edbc ta sau n\u00e0y hay d\u1edf l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u1edf ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef” (L\u1eddi t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u). Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng dung h\u00f2a \u0110\u00f4ng-T\u00e2y, thu nh\u1eadn h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 “h\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam” th\u00ec ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1i nguy cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n vong d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i h\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u00fay. Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed, l\u1eadp chi\u1ebfn khu nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m, b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c, … kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh quan ni\u1ec7m : “V\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam l\u00e0 li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p” v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n : “Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfng ta c\u00f2n, ti\u1ebfng ta c\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f2n”.<\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. <\/i>Trong b\u00e0i “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-nam n\u00ean vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef An-nam” tr\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng B\u00e1o<\/i>s\u1ed1 ra m\u1eaft ng\u00e0y 28\/3\/1907, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef:<\/p>\n
\u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Nam x\u01b0a nay v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng An-nam l\u1ea1i hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, ch\u1eef M\u00e1n, M\u1ecdi \u1edf n\u01a1i r\u1eebng r\u00fa kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3.<\/i><\/p>\n
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Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft; \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef t\u1ea7u, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef t\u1ea7u gh\u00e9p ra th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef n\u00f4m. Ch\u1eef n\u00f4m tuy vi\u1ebft qu\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh ra d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb9o m\u1ef1c g\u00ec, ai mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec vi\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i cao \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng. V\u1ea3, v\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 ch\u1eef nho, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh v\u0103n-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, h\u00f3a cho n\u00ean v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi ch\u1eef m\u1edbi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u00f4m na, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn. H\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef t\u1ea7u; lu\u1eadt ph\u00e9p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea5y m\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c quan \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9nh ch\u1eef t\u1ea7u c\u1ea3. Ai kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef t\u1ea7u nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1ecbt nghe x\u1ea5m. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/i><\/p>\n
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V\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng ch\u1eef nho th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 l\u1eafm : ch\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb x\u01b0a nay An-nam bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef nho, d\u1ec5 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ee5ng ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft ngay ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Th\u1ebf ra ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m-nga m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u00f3i cho ph\u1ea3i, th\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i thi \u0111\u1ed7 l\u00e0m quan l\u00e0 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n.<\/i><\/p>\n
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Than \u00f4i! Ti\u1ebfc thay! Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1edbi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef t\u1ea7u, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eb3ng ai c\u00f3 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t ra ch\u1eef m\u00ecnh theo nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i : l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ngay s\u1ef1 d\u1ea3n ti\u1ec7n : m\u01b0\u1ee3n ch\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1eef nh\u00e0. R\u00f5 ra l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn (sic) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng!<\/i><\/p>\n
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Th\u00f4i c\u0169ng may! B\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1ea7y ra ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, ch\u1eafp v\u1ea7n theo nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y; c\u00f3 m\u1eb9o m\u1ef1c, ba l\u00e0 ba, b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau! S\u00e1ng \u00fd th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, ngu \u0111\u1ea7n th\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng.<\/i><\/p>\n
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Ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 non m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u00edt d\u00f9ng, v\u00ec v\u0103n-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb tr\u00e1t, v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 theo l\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef nho (. ..) Nay \u1edf Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng-tr\u00ecnh T\u00e2n-h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0-n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u01a1n to nh\u00e0-n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam \u0111\u1ea5y. Ch\u1eef nho hay, c\u0169ng n\u00ean h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng ch\u1eef nh\u00e0. C\u00f2n ch\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc th\u00eam cho r\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u-ch\u00e2u, h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam ch\u1eef Hi-l\u1ea1p, ch\u1eef Latin.<\/i><\/p>\n
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\u00d4ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch, l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n hay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, n\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch hay t\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f4m c\u0169ng h\u00f3a ra hay. Ng\u1eabm m\u00e0 xem! Th\u01a1 ph\u00fa \u0111\u1eddi sau d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n Th\u00fay-Ki\u1ec1u, Nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9-Mai, hay l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch hay kh\u00e1c, s\u1eafp l\u00e0m ra, k\u00e9m chi s\u00e2u-s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea5y trong T\u1ee9-th\u01b0, Ng\u0169-kinh “.<\/p>\n
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Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00ean b\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed<\/i> n\u0103m1913: “B\u1ea3n qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111em h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn hay v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, d\u1ecbch ra qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Annam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng”<\/i>. Tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m:<\/p>\n
“M\u1edf ngay t\u1edd nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o n\u00e0y ra m\u00e0 ng\u1eabm xem b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn trong b\u00e1o, th\u1eed ngh\u0129: gi\u00e1 th\u1eed lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Nho th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u cho h\u1ebft ngh\u0129a. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 nghe c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00e0 (kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 s\u1ee3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 qu\u1edf) tr\u1ebb con c\u0169ng nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta trong cu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3 vui vi\u1ec7c ra l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau”.<\/i><\/p>\n
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R\u1ed3i tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 40, trong b\u00e0i \u201c Ti\u1ebfng Annam \u201c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, v\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai :<\/i><\/p>\n
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\u201c… Nay mu\u1ed1n cho v\u0103n t\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam c\u00f3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc t\u00e0i hoa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 v\u0103n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc danh nho th\u00ec n\u00ean b\u1ecf qu\u00e1ch c\u00e1i t\u00e0i ng\u00e2m h\u1ed9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i, ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc th\u00ec tuy r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ngo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch tranh c\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfm \u0103n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp th\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00edch cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ph\u00e0m luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac t\u00e0i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u0169ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00f3 ra cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n
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N\u00e0o b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, n\u00e0o s\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, n\u00e0o th\u01a1 qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, \u00e1n k\u00fd h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, t\u1edd b\u1ed3i vi\u1ec7c quan, \u0111\u01a1n t\u1eeb ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng, n\u00ean l\u00e0m to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef h\u1ebft c\u1ea3. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch cao h\u1ee9ng v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e1n nh\u00e0, t\u1ee9 b\u00ecnh treo v\u00e1ch, c\u00e2u ph\u00fang b\u00e0 con, l\u1eddi m\u1eebng b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean d\u00f9ng qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, m\u00e0 c\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp l\u1ea5y l\u1ed1i v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 in l\u1eddi n\u00f3i cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, cho nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfn cho l\u1eddi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng theo l\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ru con, v\u00fa \u1ea5p tr\u1ebb, l\u1eddi anh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi em, v\u1ee3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1edb \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 cho v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i l\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u1eabn cho l\u00e0 n\u00f4m na. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hay m\u00e0 r\u00f5 th\u00eam, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00eam ra.<\/p>\n
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L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ea9n y\u1ebfu n\u1eeda ra mu\u1ed1n cho v\u0103n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef th\u00e0nh v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hay kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f4m na m\u00e1ch qu\u00e9, th\u00ec c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n cho c\u00f3 l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p, m\u00e0 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e9p th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i theo \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadn, ch\u1edb \u0111\u1eebng ai t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111em \u00fd ri\u00eang ra s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef, khi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 v\u0103n-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, nh\u01b0 khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201chay v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng\u201d : \u201cb\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 c\u00e2u v\u0103n th\u00fa, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn rung \u0111\u00f9i l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng, ch\u1edb ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ai, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft hay, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1ecbt nghe s\u1ea5m v\u1eady<\/i>\u201d<\/i> (\u0110DTC s\u1ed1 9).<\/p>\n
Khi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed, V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan trong b\u1ed9 Nh\u00e0 V\u0103n Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau : \u201cNguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n … l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1. \u00d4ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00fat c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng, g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong-tr\u00e0o y\u00eau m\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n trong \u0111\u00e1m thanh ni\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi … (v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p-Ch\u00ed) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tinh-hoa c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n c\u1ed5-h\u1ecdc Trung-Hoa m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh-h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi; ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t-Nam ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u00e2u th\u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i tham-kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u0103ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong \u0110\u00f4ng-D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p-Ch\u00ed, ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch bi\u00ean t\u1eadp r\u1ea5t v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t-Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng-lai \u201c (B\u1ea3n Th\u0103ng Long S\u00e0i-G\u00f2n 1961, T\u1eadp I, tr. 169).<\/p>\n
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Sau h\u01a1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m (b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n) B\u1eafc-thu\u1ed9c, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong v\u0103n-h\u00f3a B\u1eafc-thu\u1ed9c, t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7-thu\u1eadt. H\u00e3y g\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 B\u1eafc-thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c-d\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ‘cao \u0111\u1eb9p’ l\u00e0 ‘khai h\u00f3a’ (hay ‘b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9’) to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ef9 t\u1eeb nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i qu\u1ed1c-gia thua k\u00e9m. M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n (Trung-Hoa, Ph\u00e1p) c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau do ngu\u1ed3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n (r\u1ed3i Hoa) v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00fat qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c-d\u00e2n v\u0103n-h\u00f3a v\u1eabn \u1edf l\u1ea1i qua nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm khi\u1ebfn nay th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u00c2u-M\u1ef9 (v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c-d\u00e2n m\u1edbi !) m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u0129 phu v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t-ly \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1eabn th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ‘c\u00f5ng r\u1eafn c\u1eafn g\u00e0 nh\u00e0’ (bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa!). D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi B\u1eafc-thu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, Nguy\u1ec5n Du, H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t, v.v. nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c B\u1eafc-thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3, qua ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng, \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch, t\u1ee9, \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ec3-lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n th\u01a1, v.v. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Cochinchine, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u1ee5c-t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c canh t\u00e2n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1eddi ‘v\u0103n-h\u00f3a chung’ Nho gi\u00e1o (v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u0103n-h\u00f3a (v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 s\u00e1n v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n minh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ..) nay kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169 l\u1ecbch-tri\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u00ean phong n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean H\u1eadu B\u1eafc-thu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 v\u00ec \u1ea3nh-h\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1eafc-thu\u1ed9c h\u00e3y c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Trung qu\u1ed1c hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Ta v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ti\u1ec3u-thuy\u1ebft, th\u1ec3-lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00c2u-t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3 Bi\u1ec3u-Ch\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u0103n-h\u00f3a (syncr\u00e9tisme) qua t\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u01a1n ra ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a T\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c? S\u0129 phu v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t-Nam khi m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00f4ng-kinh ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o Duy t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc song h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, t\u00e2n th\u01b0 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c, ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t H\u1eadu T\u00e2y-thu\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, Phan B\u1ed9i-Ch\u00e2u, Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00e1nh Chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu Duy t\u00e2n, \u0110\u00f4ng-du (sau nh\u1eefng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, v.v. c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ‘truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng’, l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh-h\u01b0\u1edfng Nho h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch B\u1eafc-thu\u1ed9c, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ea1i, \u00c2u-h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua T\u00e2n th\u01b0 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u1eadt-b\u1ea3n, nh\u1edd v\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi s\u0129 phu. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc s\u0129 phu \u0111\u00f3!<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef (H\u00e1n, Anh, Ph\u00e1p, v.v.) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean c\u1ed5 d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c-\u0111\u1ecba hay b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ef1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c (v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Internet) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp\/\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c-gia m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c-gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 Hoa-k\u1ef3, \u00dac, Gia-n\u00e3-\u0111\u1ea1i, \u1ea4n, … \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Ph\u00f3ng t\u00e1c, ph\u1ecfng d\u1ecbch, d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n-h\u00f3a. D\u1ecbch kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb v\u0103n-h\u00f3a, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai v\u0103n-h\u00f3a – g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch. D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n-h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh lai c\u0103ng v\u00ec t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh-h\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1edbi l\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u0103n-h\u00f3a. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 pha tr\u1ed9n (syncr\u00e9tisme) m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a! Ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef, m\u1ed9t tr\u1edb tr\u00eau c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, khai m\u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 kh\u00ed-c\u1ee5 th\u1ed1ng-nh\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1, t\u1eeb \u1ea3i B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u0169i c\u1ef1c Nam. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u0103n t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta qua bao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n t\u1ef1 ri\u00eang c\u00f3 t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t – v\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n t\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c-gia \u00c2u-t\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1eef la-tinh \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n t\u1ef1 ri\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt. H\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n Vy Khanh<\/i> (27-2-2009)<\/p>\n
Ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i d\u1eabn: http:\/\/namkyluctinh.org\/a-tgtpham\/nvkhanh\/nvkhanh-nguyenvanvinh.htm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed n\u00f3i ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,1,5],"tags":[105,32,106,25],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/C\u00e1o-ph\u00f3-NVV-t\u1ea1-th\u1ebf.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/571"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=571"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/571\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":572,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/571\/revisions\/572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}