{"id":5254,"date":"2021-08-15T21:59:59","date_gmt":"2021-08-15T14:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=5254"},"modified":"2024-02-02T22:07:28","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T15:07:28","slug":"dien-pantheon-noi-ton-vinh-nhung-con-nguoi-vi-dai-cua-nuoc-phap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=5254","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on : N\u01a1i t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5254\" class=\"elementor elementor-5254\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5b7596 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3e5b7596\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47638ea7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47638ea7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 07-02-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s.rfi.fr\/media\/display\/8785e0a6-0dfe-11ea-8540-005056a9aa4d\/w:1280\/p:16x9\/img_6660.webp\" alt=\"B\u00ean trong Panth\u00e9on \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u00edch h\u1ecda.\"\/><figcaption>B\u00ean trong Panth\u00e9on \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u00edch h\u1ecda.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u1ede trung t\u00e2m khu ph\u1ed1 Latinh, qu\u1eadn 5, Paris, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng, uy nghi t\u1eeb v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on v\u1edbi m\u00e1i v\u00f2m cao v\u00fat, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi. \u1ede m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n, ph\u00eda tr\u00ean cao t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef trang tr\u1ecdng : <em>\u00ab T\u1ed5 Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1edb \u01a1n nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u00bb.<\/em> <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u00e1nh Genevi\u00e8ve<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>S\u1eed s\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V (n\u0103m 451), m\u1ed9t n\u1eef tu tr\u1ebb t\u00ean l\u00e0 Genevi\u00e8ve \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u Paris cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n Huns. B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 kinh th\u00e0nh Paris. Th\u00e1nh Geneni\u00e8ve qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 502 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mai t\u00e1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i Lucotitius. R\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 508, vua Clovis cho x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u1edbi to \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd th\u00e1nh Geneni\u00e8ve, t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. Sau khi nh\u00e0 vua qua \u0111\u1eddi, thi h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mai t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Sainte Geneni\u00e8ve. T\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 IX, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y m\u1edbi, ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam tu vi\u1ec7n Sainte Genevi\u00e8ve.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, n\u0103m 1744, vua Louis XV l\u00e2m tr\u1ecdng b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1i Metz, ng\u00e0i kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh Genevi\u00e8ve b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u00e0i qua c\u01a1n hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n, do nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u0169 khi \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 h\u01b0 n\u00e1t. Khi b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c, vua Louis XV tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 Paris v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u1edbi tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tu vi\u1ec7n Sainte Genevi\u00e8ve. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn 10 n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1754, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a vua Louis XV m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua kinh ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ef1c ra, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua, khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec sau chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebf v\u1ecb \u00c1o, Louis XV \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd h\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc 1748 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 uy t\u00edn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, vua Louis XV ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n <em>\u00ab ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u00bb <\/em>: l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y m\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Sainte Genevi\u00e8ve t\u1ea1i Paris n\u1eb1m trong chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u1edbi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u1ed1n \u0111ang b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd do cu\u1ed9c tranh gi\u00e0nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phe nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Jacques-Germain Soufflot (1713-1780), ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1edfi m\u1edf, v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng Soufflot s\u1ebd th\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Soufflot khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Lyon. Soufflot c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee3i ca h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Saint Pierre \u1edf Roma v\u00e0 Saint Paul \u1edf Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Maximilien Br\u00e9bion, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Gia Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Soufflot, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf : <em>\u00ab M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Soufflot khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t, n\u00e9t nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac gothic v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u1ebb l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Hy L\u1ea1p \u00bb. <\/em>Trong v\u00f2ng 20 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1754 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1777, Soufflot \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf 5 l\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong 5 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Soufflot l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn, cao v\u00fat \u1edf c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vua Louis XV \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 long tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 06\/09\/1764, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o m\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1757. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi c\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1780, Soufflot qua \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, n\u00ean m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1790, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t nh\u1edd n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Soufflot : Maximilien Br\u00e9bion v\u00e0 Jean Baptiste Rondelet.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Soufflot, b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u00edch h\u1ecda m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Genevi\u00e8ve, th\u00e1nh Pierre v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Paul. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Soufflot c\u00f2n cho kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ki T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u01a1 khai cho t\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s.rfi.fr\/media\/display\/20139d3a-1206-11ea-9a21-005056a99247\/view-shows-the-pantheon-on-a-sunny-spring-day-in-paris-france_5908356.webp\" alt=\"M\u00e1i v\u00f2m \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb xa.\"\/><figcaption>M\u00e1i v\u00f2m \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb xa. REUTERS \/Jacky Naegelen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay phi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Do c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng T\u01b0 S\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Panth\u00e9on, m\u1ed9t <em>\u00ab \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c \u00bb<\/em> &#8211; n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef tro c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p, n\u01a1i t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh h\u1ecd theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1791, tro c\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, anh h\u00f9ng th\u1eddi C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng T\u01b0 S\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Khai S\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u00e1ng 08\/1792, n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, th\u00e1nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh n\u1eef Genevi\u00e8ve b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi Panth\u00e9on v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trang tr\u00ed mang t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5, b\u00edch h\u1ecda mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ng\u1ee3i ca l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh, t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 Qu\u1ed1c, l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u2026 Panth\u00e9on tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i thay c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Soufflot \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00e0nh phi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00e9o theo nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed b\u00ean trong. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ebfm hoi c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ebf Ch\u1ebf, theo s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh ng\u00e0y 20\/02\/1806 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte (Napol\u00e9on I), Panth\u00e9on mang hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng : ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. T\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, trang tr\u00ed l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, n\u01a1i ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh. C\u00f2n h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u0129 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1815, \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ebf Ch\u1ebf s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, m\u1edf ra th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u00ab <em>Bourbon ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0ng<\/em> \u00bb. Vua Louis XVIII mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. N\u0103m 1816, vua Louis XVIII k\u00fd s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0a Panth\u00e9on tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng di v\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Genevi\u00e8ve l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng, kh\u00f3a k\u00edn l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1edbi C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng 07\/1830, vua Charles X b\u1ecb tru\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i, Louis Philippes d\u2019Orl\u00e9an l\u00ean ng\u00f4i vua, m\u1edf ra n\u1ec1n Qu\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Sainte Genevi\u00e8ve l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3, do s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on &#8211; v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng &#8211; \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m vua Louis Philippes tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khu h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u0129 nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>N\u01a1i vinh danh c\u00e1c v\u0129 nh\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1edbi n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a 1848, Louis-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh. \u0110i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Temple de l\u2019Humanit\u00e9 &#8211; \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1851, Louis-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Napolol\u00e9on III. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ban h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ra s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh bi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Genevi\u00e8ve th\u00e0nh Basilique Nationale &#8211; Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd L\u1edbn Qu\u1ed1c Gia.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0103m 1870, \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf Ch\u1ebf s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh N\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 Tam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a. Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Panth\u00e9on nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd hay \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd phi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1885, khi \u0111\u1ea1i thi h\u00e0o Victor Hugo, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n s\u0129 g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, qua \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p ban h\u00e0nh s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh theo \u0111\u00f3 Panth\u00e9on s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o <em>\u00ab m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a \u00bb.<\/em> Thi h\u00e0i Victor Hugo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 Panth\u00e9on. Panth\u00e9on c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec5 nghi qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a (1892).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 Tam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trang tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc \u2026 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1eeb sau \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn t\u1edbi nay, trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 T\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec7 Ng\u0169 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi con v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on : c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Paul Langevin v\u00e0 Jean Perrin (1948), Louis Braille-ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ch\u1eef n\u1ed5i Braille (1952), hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel Pierre v\u00e0 Marie Curie (1995), nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Alexandre Dumas cha (2002) \u2026 Cho t\u1edbi nay, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 70 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con \u01b0u t\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang an ngh\u1ec9 trong \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Panth\u00e9on ? V\u00e0o th\u1eddi C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng T\u01b0 S\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ebf Ch\u1ebf, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n. C\u00f2n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 Tam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129. Hi\u1ec7n nay, quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s.rfi.fr\/media\/display\/1e681296-14b7-11ea-ae8f-005056a99247\/2015-05-26T134212Z_979957377_PM1EB5Q16YE01_RTRMADP_3_FRANCE-PANTHEON_2_0.webp\" alt=\"N\u0103m 2015, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a thi h\u00e0i b\u1ed1n anh h\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd Panth\u00e9on: Jean Zay, Genevi\u00e8ve de gaulle Anthonioz, Pierre Brossolette v\u00e0 Germaine Tillion.\"\/><figcaption>N\u0103m 2015, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a thi h\u00e0i b\u1ed1n anh h\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd Panth\u00e9on: Jean Zay, Genevi\u00e8ve de gaulle Anthonioz, Pierre Brossolette v\u00e0 Germaine Tillion.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p Emmanuel Macron \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 05\/07\/2018, b\u00e0 Simonne Veil, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Y T\u1ebf Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u1eadp Hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n L\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1ee9 5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1eeb nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u00e1nh Genevi\u00e8ve, tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on, n\u01a1i t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i vinh danh c\u00e1c v\u0129 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Paris, m\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua bi\u1ebft bao th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/vi\/phap\/20180330-dien-pantheon-paris-va-nhung-con-nguoi-vi-dai-cua-nuoc-phap\">RFI<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u1ede trung t\u00e2m khu ph\u1ed1 Latinh, qu\u1eadn 5, Paris, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng, uy nghi t\u1eeb v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on v\u1edbi m\u00e1i v\u00f2m cao v\u00fat, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi. \u1ede m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n, ph\u00eda tr\u00ean cao t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef trang tr\u1ecdng : \u00ab T\u1ed5 Qu\u1ed1c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/C\u00e1o-ph\u00f3-NVV-t\u1ea1-th\u1ebf.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5254"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5254"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7906,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5254\/revisions\/7906"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}