{"id":5020,"date":"2020-12-18T22:54:55","date_gmt":"2020-12-18T15:54:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=5020"},"modified":"2024-02-05T00:28:39","modified_gmt":"2024-02-04T17:28:39","slug":"tham-luan-cua-tien-sy-van-hoc-tran-thi-hai-yen-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=5020","title":{"rendered":"THAM LU\u1eacN c\u1ee7a TI\u1ebeN S\u1ef8 V\u0102N H\u1eccC TR\u1ea6N TH\u1eca H\u1ea2I Y\u1ebeN &#8211; Ph\u1ea7n 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5020\" class=\"elementor elementor-5020\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51677335 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"51677335\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-514406c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"514406c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 07-02-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Ph\u1ea7n hai c\u1ee7a Tham lu\u1eadn.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m b\u00e1o, phi\u00ean di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh<em>\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi An-nam n\u00ean vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef An-nam\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 ra m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a <em>\u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o<\/em><em> <\/em>n\u0103m 1907, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y trong ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n c\u1ed5 x\u00fay h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef: <em>\u201cV\u00ed ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i tr\u0103m chuy\u1ec7n, hay b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec7n Kim-V\u00e2n-Ki\u1ec1u, th\u00ec xem ti\u1ebfng ta c\u00f3 k\u00e9m g\u00ec ch\u1eef nho \u0111\u00e2u!<\/em><em>\u201d&#8230; <\/em><em>Th\u01a1 ph\u00fa \u0111\u1eddi sau, d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n Th\u00fay-Ki\u1ec1u, Nh\u1ecb-\u0110\u1ed9-Mai, hay l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch hay kh\u00e1c s\u1eafp l\u00e0m ra, k\u00e9m chi s\u00e2u-s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea5y trong T\u1ee9-th\u01a1, Ng\u0169-kinh\u201d <\/em>[6, s\u1ed1 1,28\/3\/1907, tr.8], <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3n\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ea1o g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i ngang b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n minh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u1eefa l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef in nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1910 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ed5 x\u00fay h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh t\u1eeb <em>\u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o <\/em>\u0111\u1ebfn <em>\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em>. L\u1eddi t\u1ef1a b\u1ea3n <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u201c<\/em><em>C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam duy c\u00f3 truy\u1ec7n Kim-V\u00e2n-Ki\u1ec1u l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n hay\u2026K\u1ec3 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n n\u00f4m c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o, c\u1ed1t t\u1ea7m-th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tuy\u1ec7t-di\u1ec7u, t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh n\u00e3o n\u00f9ng, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gi\u00e3i b\u00e0y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0, ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u cho h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u1ea5y! Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3<\/em> \u2018<em>Tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ec3 d\u00e2u\u2019<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>&#8230; trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ta, m\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e2m truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u, th\u00ec th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebft y\u00eau, bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau, bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00eam \u00e1i qu\u00e1. Ng\u1eb7t v\u00ec m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2026 <\/em><em>Nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ra ch\u1eef&nbsp;<\/em><em>qu\u1ed1c<\/em><em>&nbsp;ng\u1eef, c\u00f3 \u00fd tra c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch cho \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u kh\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chua ra, \u0111\u1ec3 ai ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u; \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng-h\u1ecfa qu\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho<\/em><em>\u201d<\/em> [4].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean \u00e2m n\u00e0y t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n n\u00f4m kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m mang h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ee9 hai, theo Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, m\u1ed9t khi qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n l\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u00f4m th\u00ec <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>\u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ee9c <em>Ki\u1ec1u<\/em><em> <\/em>mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh hoa, \u0111\u1ed9c s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ee9 ba, <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, v\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu nh\u00e0 nho.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, <em>\u201cKim-V\u00e2n-Ki\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch ra qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 ch\u00fa d\u1eabn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m &#8211; t\u1ee9c n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, khi\u1ebfn ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t tinh hoa c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u1ecbch v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do tr\u00ean, b\u1ea3n <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef n\u00e0y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e2n di\u1ec5n <em>Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n xu\u00f4i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c <em>\u201cgi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u0169\u201d<\/em> [14, tr.318-320], c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Sau khi x\u00e1c l\u1eadp cho <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh hoa, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 <em>\u201ct\u00e2n di\u1ec5n Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n\u201d<\/em> s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, hai m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n <em>Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh: <em>Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> phi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef (m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cd\u1ecbch\u201d<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p (m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201ct\u00e2n di\u1ec5n\u201d<\/em>). Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1ea3n <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef do nh\u00e0 \u00cdch H\u1eefu in \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX th\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng song ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>B\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y tr\u00ean <em>Notre Revue<\/em>, b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c, b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf d\u1ea1ng song ng\u1eef. V\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p: V\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>song ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u00ean t\u1edd <em>\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 <em>L\u2019Annam Nouveau<\/em>? V\u00e0 v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00e2n di\u1ec5n <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai?<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean: c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh tuy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i chia s\u1ebb \u1edf ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf mang tri th\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u Vi\u1ec7t-Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec v\u1edbi <em>\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em>, b\u1ea3n <em>Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> t\u00e2n di\u1ec5n song ng\u1eef m\u00e0 ngay \u1edf m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 <em>\u201cKim-V\u00e2n-Ki\u1ec1u t\u00e2n di\u1ec5n Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n\u201d<\/em>, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 <em>\u201cph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n\u201d<\/em> v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Annam nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p <em>\u201cLe Truy\u1ec7n Th\u00fay Ki\u1ec1u\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh in ba k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean <em>L\u2019Annam Nouveau <\/em>n\u0103m 1933 \u2013 c\u00f9ng n\u0103m v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn th\u00fa nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 1913 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n in tr\u00ean <em>\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i thi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, do ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu (nguy\u00ean v\u0103n <em>\u201cd\u00e9j\u00e0 trop faible\u201d<\/em>), v\u00e0 do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m b\u00e1o kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t k\u1ef9 hay trau chu\u1ed1t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch [15, s\u1ed1 226]<a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng phu c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i nho B\u00f9i K\u1ef7. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. C\u0169ng trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch khi d\u1ecbch <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u An Nam (ch\u1ee7 \u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p &#8211; THY) hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef An Nam (bao g\u1ed3m ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng), khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tinh t\u00fay b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y An Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngang h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n minh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p<a href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ren\u00e9 Crayssac (in t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1926) \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1eeda sai th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Alain Guillemin x\u1ebfp b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch <em>Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i d\u00e0nh cho gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n [10], ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00e2n di\u1ec5n n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e2n di\u1ec5n <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>n\u00f3i chung c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n <em>\u201ct\u00e2n di\u1ec5n Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n\u201d<\/em> <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Abel des Michels (1875) hay b\u1ea3n Crayssac (1926) ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list {\"ordered\":true,\"type\":\"1\"} -->\n<ol type=\"1\"><li><strong>V\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c soi chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean di\u1ec5n <em>Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00c9mile Vayrac<a href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng Hai n\u0103m 1937, v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, Vayrac c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea3n B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o <em>Rapport au sujet des effort faits au Tonkin depuis vingt-cinq ans environ pour fournir de bonnes lectures aux Annamites <\/em>(B\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 trong 25 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Annam) [29, tr.1] l\u00e0 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft k\u00e8m ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 <em>\u201cChef du Bureau des Publications Indig\u00e8nes. Directeur du Tu-Dan-Van-Uyen\u201d <\/em>(Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng B\u00e1o ch\u00ed Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c T\u1ee9-d\u00e2n-v\u0103n-uy\u1ec3n) [29, tr.22-23]. B\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Vayrac, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1912-1937.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>3.1 <\/strong>D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Vayrac, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Annam b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, qua \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan cai tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9,<em> \u201cS\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Annam ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn; s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Annam v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d<\/em><em> <\/em>[29, tr.1-2]. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng khai th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n lu\u00f4n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p (ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam) hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam (ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u1ede v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong 25 n\u0103m t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m, Vayrac \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201csan b\u1eb1ng\u201d h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3: \u0111\u01b0a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 Schneider th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a t\u1edd <em>\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <\/em>tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 <em>Trung B\u1eafc t\u00e2n v\u0103n <\/em>nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef [29, tr.4-5], t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n <em>\u201cS\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc K\u1ef3\u201d<\/em> (Lectures Tonkinoises, t\u1eeb 1923), l\u1eadp t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch <em>\u201c\u00c2u T\u00e2y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d<\/em> (La Pens\u00e9s de L\u2019Occident, t\u1eeb 1927), l\u00e0m \u0111i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i <em>Ni\u00ean l\u1ecbch Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0 Annam<\/em> (L\u2019Amanach Annamite), ra t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <em>T\u1ee9 d\u00e2n v\u0103n uy\u1ec3n <\/em>(Le Jardin des Lettre pour les quatre classes dela Socia\u00e9t\u00e9, t\u1eeb 1935), v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Hy L\u1ea1p La M\u00e3, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p\u2026<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, Vayrac gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tr\u1ecdng th\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi <em>\u201cc\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ngay th\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p\u201d<\/em>, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi <em>\u201ctrong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d<\/em> [29, tr.2]. Theo Vayrac, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch [qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef] t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p <em>\u201c\u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1t sao v\u00e0 hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3\u201d<\/em> [29, tr.3], v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc <em>\u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9\u2026, bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00edt v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n gian tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Annam th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n Annam \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc n\u00e0y\u201d<\/em> [29, tr.2].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t mang t\u00ednh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Vayrac \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n dung Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng khi gi\u1eef nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Vayrac c\u00f2n k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a B\u00e1o c\u00e1o, Vayrac cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh <em>\u201cch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. \u00d4ng, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 phe \u0110\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng\u201d<\/em> [29, tr.2]. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o mang tinh th\u1ea7n khai s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p ra ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<em> \u201cnh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d<\/em><em> <\/em>[29, tr.2].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh trong b\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Ph\u1ec9 n\u0103m 1935. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ea7u XX, khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1edd <em>\u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o<\/em>. Nh\u1eadn ra ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, Vayrac \u0111\u00e3 <em>\u201cra s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng hay n\u00e0y\u201d<\/em><em> <\/em>[29, tr.4],v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c vi\u00ean quan cai tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan: thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i g\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Annam \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i [29, tr.3], v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, thay v\u00ec tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o, Vayrac \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng&nbsp; m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u201cph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d \u201ctrong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u201d [29, tr.5].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a do Vayrac \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat hai t\u1edd <em>\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>Trung B\u1eafc t\u00e2n v\u0103n <\/em>c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn m\u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>H\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean c\u1edb kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong suy t\u01b0, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda. V\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1910 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh d\u1ecbch <em>Contrat Social<\/em>sang d\u1ecbch <em>Fables de la Fontain<\/em>, <em>Contes de Perault<\/em>, <em>T\u00e9l\u00e9maque<\/em>, <em>Les Comedies<\/em>,<em>Les Mis\u00e9rables<\/em>, <em>Notre Dame de Paris<\/em>\u2026 &#8211; nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00e2n gian ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c mang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ed1ng phong ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <em>\u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u201d<\/em> [29, tr.3], t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d d\u1ec5 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong \u201cc\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh\u201d ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng mang t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng t\u00e2n di\u1ec5n <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>ra qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, r\u1ed3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u201cth\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m\u201d h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00e2n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n\u2026 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eafm kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>3.2. <\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Vayrac cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 (hay \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecdc) \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, qu\u00e3ng n\u0103m 1927-1928, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 lan tr\u00e0n c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch T\u00e0u, Th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 Robin \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Vayrac v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0m <em>Ni\u00ean l\u1ecbch Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0 Annam<\/em> v\u00e0 t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch \u201c\u00c2u T\u00e2y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. T\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; S\u00e1ch d\u00e2n gian: ra hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, in 18.000 b\u1ea3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 10.000 b\u1ea3n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mua v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; S\u00e1ch kh\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, in 2.000 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8211; S\u00e1ch c\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda: l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, in 1.000 b\u1ea3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 300 do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mua<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, do thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 hai lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m: T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang (oeuvres populaires); S\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng (livres de vulgarisation) [29, tr.6-7].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Khi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hai t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng su\u00f4n s\u1ebb, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i eo h\u1eb9p, Vayrac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh ra t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <em>T\u1ee9 d\u00e2n v\u0103n uy\u1ec3n<\/em> \u201ctheo c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 mua b\u00e1o d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n [29, tr.9]. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mua b\u00e1o d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, Vayrac v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p: l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp b\u00e1o\/t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i 6 th\u00e1ng hay cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m, cho in nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn (grands ouverages), v\u00e0 cho in nh\u1eefng <em>\u201ct\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Annam\u201d<\/em> \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 <em>\u201cnh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc thi b\u1eb1ng T\u00fa t\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c thi v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc\u201d<\/em> [29, tr.13].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Nha h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh Bertrand mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng An Nam v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng) qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, d\u00f9 b\u00e1n gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 l\u00e3i h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, do nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc gia t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong danh s\u00e1ch ba t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n An Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 <em>Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i, s\u00e1ch in 11.000 b\u1ea3n [29, tr.13-14]. V\u1eady l\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, b\u1ea3n <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m \u201ct\u1eb7ng k\u00e8m\u201d cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch do nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp ra. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng; v\u00e0 <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, n\u1ed9i dung thi b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u1edf b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3<a href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n <em>Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> t\u00e2n di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>4.1. <\/strong>Sau khi <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>t\u00e2n di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n tr\u00ean <em>\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <\/em>t\u1eeb 1913 \u0111\u1ebfn 1917, sinh ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng xung quanh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y. Nguy\u00ean do b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c H\u1ed9i Khai tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c do Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh l\u00e0m H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Nguy\u1ec5n Du v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1924, nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed7 Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo <em>Nam<\/em><em> Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em>, <em>\u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn&#8230; k\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi hai ng\u00e0n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230; \u1ede H\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh ta t\u1eeb x\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec7c tr\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n quan To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n Sarrault di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft \u1edf V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu n\u0103m 1919 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf\u201d<\/em> [19, s\u1ed1 86, 9\/1924, tr.90]. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m, theo thu\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a <em>N<\/em><em>am Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em>, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft (b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p) v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Du v\u00e0 <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u<\/em>, K\u00e9p Th\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o Tu\u1ea5t ng\u00e2m<em> Ki\u1ec1u<\/em>, \u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n b\u00e0i ca tr\u00f9 do Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4n Ph\u1ee5c so\u1ea1n ca ng\u1ee3i Nguy\u1ec5n Du.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng g\u00e2y tranh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh trong b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n <em>\u201cTruy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u c\u00f2n, ti\u1ebfng ta c\u00f2n, ti\u1ebfng ta c\u00f2n, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f2n, c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u00e0 lo, c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u00e0 s\u1ee3\u201d.<\/em> Trong m\u1ea1ch quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, song tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh <em>\u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ta mai sau n\u00e0y, hay d\u1edf c\u0169ng \u1edf nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c-ng\u1eef\u201d<\/em> v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong L\u1eddi t\u1ef1a cho b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef <em>Tam qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ed di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a <\/em>c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4n Ph\u1ee5c in n\u0103m 1909, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb cho b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef <em>Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>in n\u0103m 1913, th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ngay tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Ph\u1ea1m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Chi, t\u1eeb c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a <em>T\u00e2n Nam T\u1eed<\/em> v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ecbch m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, m\u1ed9t trong hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea5u x\u1ea3o Marseille 1906, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 <em>\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <\/em>(1913-1917) v\u00e0 \u2018H\u1ecdc b\u00e1o\u2019sau \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 n\u1eefa, sau l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, n\u0103m 1925, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim c\u00f9ng B\u00f9i K\u1ef7 &#8211; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh tr\u00ean <em>\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em> \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n <em>Truy\u1ec7n Th\u00fay Ki\u1ec1u: \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2n thanh <\/em>t\u1ea1i V\u0129nh Long th\u01b0 qu\u00e1n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<a href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> &#8211; b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>B\u00f9i K\u1ef7 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng so\u1ea1n b\u00e0i v\u0103n bia \u0111\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i Khai tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc in v\u00e0o l\u1eadp Bia t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Nguy\u1ec5n Du v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u00f4n vinh Nguy\u1ec5n Du l\u00e0 <em>\u201cm\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y-d\u1ef1ng cho qu\u1ed1c-\u00e2m ta th\u00e0nh v\u0103n-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u0169ng ngay trong n\u0103m 1924, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc <em>Truy\u1ec7n C\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Du \u2013 T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Truy\u1ec7n Th\u00fay Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> c\u1ee7a Phan S\u0129 B\u00e0ng v\u00e0 L\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1edbc in t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t <em>\u201cti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng, v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\u201d<\/em> [1, tr.24].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1nh n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ed7i ng\u1eadm ng\u00f9i <em>\u201cm\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng \u0111em <em>Kim-V\u00e2n-Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> <em>\u201cd\u1ecbch ra qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 ch\u00fa d\u1eabn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch\u201d<\/em> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1910, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ni\u1ec1m h\u00e2n hoan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m long tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1924: <em>\u201cHi\u1ec7n nay su\u1ed1t qu\u1ed1c-d\u00e2n ta, tr\u00ean t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-l\u01b0u h\u1ecdc-th\u1ee9c, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebb lam-l\u0169 l\u00e0m \u0103n, b\u1ea5t-c\u1ee9 gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb, l\u1edbn b\u00e9, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, ai ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u, ai ai c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u, ai ai c\u0169ng k\u1ec3 truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u, ai ai c\u0169ng ng\u00e2m truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u\u201d <\/em>(\u201cB\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecdc trong l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m C\u1ee5 Ti\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1n\u201d) [19, s\u1ed1 86, 9\/1924, tr.91], ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: sau h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i m\u1edbi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed3n qu\u1ed1c t\u00fay, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng trong nh\u00f3m tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng giao l\u01b0u \u00c2u-\u00c1 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920-1930, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u1eadt m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi\u201d l\u00e0 <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em><strong>H\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=5015\">Ph\u1ea7n 1:<\/a><\/strong> <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Xin xem b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in trong c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, mang k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u RSTNF 05219 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee7 Kh\u00e2m sai B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n K\u1ef3. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y xin ch\u00fa d\u1eabn ngu\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, \u00c9. Vayrac.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi d\u1ea5u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1941, khi Nguy\u1ec5n Du v\u00e0 <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 <em>Vi\u1ec7t Nam <\/em><em>v<\/em><em>\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed y\u1ebfu<\/em>v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 v\u0103n li\u1ec7u \u0111i k\u00e8m <em>Vi\u1ec7t Nam thi v\u0103n h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ec3n<\/em> do D\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ea3ng H\u00e0m (1898-1946) bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n hai v\u00e0 ba v\u1eabn t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 in n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1927, 1934.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"center\",\"id\":5022,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"336\" src=\"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/H\u1ed9i-Khai-tr\u00ed-Ti\u1ebfn-\u0110\u1ee9c-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5022\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/H\u1ed9i-Khai-tr\u00ed-Ti\u1ebfn-\u0110\u1ee9c-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/H\u1ed9i-Khai-tr\u00ed-Ti\u1ebfn-\u0110\u1ee9c-1-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/H\u1ed9i-Khai-tr\u00ed-Ti\u1ebfn-\u0110\u1ee9c-1-120x80.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption><em>H\u1ed9i Khai tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u1ea7n hai c\u1ee7a Tham lu\u1eadn. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m b\u00e1o, phi\u00ean di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi An-nam n\u00ean vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef An-nam\u201d \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/H\u1ed9i-Khai-tr\u00ed-Ti\u1ebfn-\u0110\u1ee9c.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5020"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5020"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8111,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5020\/revisions\/8111"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}