{"id":439,"date":"2012-06-02T16:28:00","date_gmt":"2012-06-02T09:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.levent.com.vn\/?p=439"},"modified":"2014-07-07T16:29:21","modified_gmt":"2014-07-07T09:29:21","slug":"nguyen-van-vinh-ph-phn-thi-hu-tat-xau-cua-nguoi-viet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=439","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh phê phán thói h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khoavanhoc-ngonngu.edu.vn<\/strong> – Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong phong c\u00e1ch, tinh nh\u1ea1y trong vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, linh ho\u1ea1t. Lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n th\u00f3i h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng r\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho phong c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i t\u1ec7, h\u1ecdc theo v\u0103n minh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e1ch \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt qua gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 qu\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i t\u1ec7 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u1ea1ch ra l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. Nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p : \u201cTout dire, pour tout connaitre, pour tout gu\u00e9rir – N\u00f3i h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa h\u1ebft<\/em>\u201d, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng  c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u, nh\u1eefng h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u, h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi soi v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 s\u1eeda, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hay ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00eau x\u1ea5u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, hay coi th\u01b0\u1eddng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, m\u1edf l\u1ed1i cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi sang Ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea5u x\u1ea3o, trong l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n Phan Duy T\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y: \u201cNh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u? Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 khi ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda ra b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t x\u1ea5u x\u00ed\u201d, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ecf ra e d\u00e8 hay khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o<\/em>, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1eadp c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em> v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cX\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh\u201d. <\/strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m 2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh: ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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1. Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu n\u00ean c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00f3i quen c\u00fang b\u00e1i, m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0103n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec3 mua \u201cvoi gi\u1ea5y, mua ng\u1ef1a gi\u1ea5y, h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ed1t cho h\u1ed3n ma th\u00ec th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong b\u00e0i Thi\u1ebfu g\u1ea1o \u0103n th\u1eeba gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1t, <\/em>\u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Nam \u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng b\u00e1o<\/em> s\u1ed1 802, ng\u00e0y 30-5-1907.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng  ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n: \u201cNg\u1eabm ngay c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00fang ch\u00fang sinh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0103n m\u00e0y t\u1eebng l\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3t, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u1ea1i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y con ma, m\u00e0 sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00e9o bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ma \u0111\u00f3i? \u0110\u1ebfn c\u00e1i b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ea5y, th\u00ec ch\u1ecbu n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, duy ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecba ra m\u00e1y m\u00f3c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Gi\u1eddi r\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1o m\u00e0 m\u1eb7c, l\u1ea1i \u0111i l\u00e0m \u00e1o gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang c\u00e1c quan, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c quan n\u00e0o. M\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng ra g\u00ec th\u00ec ch\u1edb, l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ngo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng gian c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ra g\u00ec n\u1eefa. Tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n ta th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y quan ai l\u1ec5 th\u00ec m\u1edbi binh v\u1ef1c, ch\u1edb \u1edf tr\u00ean gi\u1eddi n\u1ebfu c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng h\u00f3a ra \u00f4ng gi\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: \u201cL\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f9a th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2u l\u1ea1i h\u1ec5 ai c\u00fang th\u00ec tha. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 ma \u0111\u00f3i, ma kh\u00e1t th\u00ec th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng s\u00fac sinh \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian. Ra ngo\u00e0i x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 linh? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00e0i l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eef cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c chi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho \u0103n; m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u00fang hai l\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c \u0103n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d<\/p>\n

Theo Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1edd\u201d cho \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a: \u201cX\u01b0a nay n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh hay c\u00fang v\u00e1i c\u0169ng b\u1edfi hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y\u201d. \u201cTh\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u00e1nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u01b0u c\u00e1i danh \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ec7u (tri\u1ec7u) h\u1ed3n \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1ec1, \u0103n mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt quay, u\u1ed1ng ba ch\u00e9n ri\u1ec7u (r\u01b0\u1ee3u), r\u1ed3i kh\u1ea5n \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00ean \u00e1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1ec7 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed khi ma chay, c\u00fang gi\u1ed7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ed1n tr\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a, coi tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, vi\u1ec7c ma chay, c\u00fang gi\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 m\u00e2m to c\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7y linh \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u201cma to gi\u1ed7 l\u1edbn\u201d trong khi nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0103n, ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n c\u1ea3 ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00ec h\u00f3a ra l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 mang t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9. Trong b\u00e0i \u201cMa to gi\u1ed7 nh\u1edbn\u201d \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Nam \u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng b\u00e1o<\/em>, s\u1ed1 796 ng\u00e0y 18\/4\/1907, \u00f4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n: \u201cPhong t\u1ee5c An\u2013nam m\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 l\u00ean l\u00e3o, ho\u1eb7c m\u00ecnh \u0111i thi \u0111\u1ed7, c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3, l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m quan, th\u0103ng h\u00e0m, m\u00e0 \u0103n m\u1eebng th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1ebd; nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 ch\u1ebft, m\u00e0 m\u1ed5 tr\u00e2u m\u1ed5 b\u00f2, m\u1eddi l\u00e0ng m\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc, bi\u1ebfu\u2013s\u00e9n h\u00e0ng s\u00f3m (x\u00f3m) l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec n\u1eefa ? (\u2026) T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng: l\u00fac cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng; nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m \u0103n cho cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n vinh; nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1eafng n\u00ean t\u00e0i tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh ti\u1ebfng. T\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fac \u00f4ng\u2013c\u1ee5 b\u00e0\u2013c\u1ee5 n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng: \u201cta \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con c\u00f3 t\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c, cho x\u00e3\u2013h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd; th\u00ec d\u00f9 ta t\u1eeb tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, song \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdt (gi\u1ecdt) m\u00e1u t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u00edch c\u1ee7a ta\u201d, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ecfa l\u00f2ng h\u01a1n r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u2013v\u0103n h\u00e0ng\u2013gi\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf\u2013l\u1ec5 linh\u2013\u0111\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng c\u0169ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf l\u00ed do l\u00e0m ma to, gi\u1ed7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 mi\u1ec7ng cho h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m: \u201cC\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb n\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u1ee3 mi\u1ec7ng: \u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n. Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu g\u00ec d\u1ecbp ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n khi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 ch\u1ebft m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho ta \u0103n m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa. Th\u00ec ra khi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 ch\u1ebft, t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 \u00edt, t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebb cho \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9, th\u00ec l\u00fac cha m\u1eb9 th\u00e1c \u0111i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7p\u2013l\u1ecbch m\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i anh em. V\u1ea3 l\u00e0m ra c\u1ed7 b\u00e0n l\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ra m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng s\u00f3m (x\u00f3m) l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, b\u1ea1n-b\u00e8 th\u00e2n-th\u00edch. Th\u00e0nh ra ai c\u0169ng mang ti\u1ebfng, v\u1ecb c\u00f3 b\u1eefa c\u01a1m m\u1ea5y \u0111i \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e0 con t\u1edbi m\u1ed3, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfc b\u00e0 con m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1m. Sau n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i: v\u1eeba m\u1ea5t cha m\u1ea5t m\u1eb9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n v\u1eeba h\u1ebft c\u01a1 h\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ebft tang ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn tang c\u1ee7a. C\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf!\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 gay g\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m th\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch<\/em>\u00ed s\u1ed1 10. Theo \u00f4ng, \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, c\u00e1i th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n l\u00ean \u00e1n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u00e0 th\u00f3i coi vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u201ch\u1ea1ch nhau t\u1eeb mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt n\u1eafm s\u00f4i (x\u00f4i), l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4n \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i n\u1ee3 mi\u1ec7ng\u201d. \u00d4ng ph\u1eabn u\u1ea5t: \u201c\u0102n \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3, m\u1eb9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i \u0103n, b\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gi\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i \u0103n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 qu\u00ea An Nam n\u00ean x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft n\u1eb1m trong \u00e1o quan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec k\u1ebb kh\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00ean, m\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i c\u1ea7m tr\u00e2u b\u00e1n ru\u1ed9ng, v\u1ee3 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t t\u1ea3 \u0111i m\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u1ed3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n ni\u00eau, tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edd th\u00ec th\u00e2n h\u00e0o k\u1ef3 l\u00e3o, c\u1ee5 n\u1ecd \u00f4ng kia th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed3i nh\u00ecn nhau \u0111\u1ee3i m\u00e2m c\u01a1m nai r\u01b0\u1ee3u cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1i h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n. \u201cTi\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3, \u0111i vay n\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5y m\u00e2m c\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m\u201d. Qu\u00e1 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i t\u1ec7 v\u00f4 l\u00fd, d\u00e3 man \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh n\u1eefa, vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u1eadt d\u1eady m\u00e0 h\u00e9t l\u00ean: \u201cNh\u1ee5c! Nh\u1ee5c! l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c c\u1ea3 b\u1ecdn khu khu th\u1ee7 c\u1ef1u, gi\u1eef th\u00f3i gi\u00e3 man, nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ebft cha than kh\u00f3c, c\u00f2n v\u00e1c mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f2i \u0103n. Nh\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 quanh n\u0103m b\u1ecf s\u00f5ng hai tay ch\u1ec9 nay \u0111i gi\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, mai \u0111i chay n\u1ecd, l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3i kh\u00e1ch v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea3o, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u th\u00e2n, m\u00e0 sinh ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u0103n nh\u00f3. Nh\u1ee5c, nh\u1ee5c cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 nhau m\u00e0 c\u00f9ng gi\u1eef y\u00ean chung, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0a nhau cho m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3o b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean c\u00f5i sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u00ean c\u00f5i kh\u00f4n ngoan, ch\u1eb3ng h\u00f3a ra h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 tranh nhau th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n th\u1ecbt g\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ghen t\u1ecb nhau mi\u1ebfng to mi\u1ebfng nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1nh phao c\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 t\u1ecb nhau chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi, b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00e1t v\u01a1i. Mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng nh\u1ee5c!\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1o. Trong b\u00e0i \u201c\u0110\u1ed1t ph\u00e1o\u201d \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Nam \u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng B\u00e1o<\/em> s\u1ed1 824, ng\u00e0y 31-10-1907, \u00f4ng t\u1ecf r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201c\u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1o l\u00e0 th\u1eadm gi\u00e3 man, th\u1eadm hay sinh phi\u1ec1n, th\u1eadm v\u00f4 l\u00fd, th\u00ec anh em ta n\u00ean b\u1ecf d\u1ee9t h\u1eb3n \u0111i.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1eb1ng t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1o ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 du nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y \u201cch\u00fa kh\u00e1ch\u201d, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec l\u1ea1i sinh ra l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. T\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cnh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d  v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u00f2n d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u201cl\u1eadt t\u1ea9y\u201d c\u00e1c th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng v\u1eady. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n cho \u0111\u00fang thu\u1ed1c. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra kh\u00e1 tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y khi \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ta kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n l\u00ean \u00e1n. Th\u00f3i quen \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0103n minh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gh\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cha m\u1eb9 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u1ea5y con \u0103n n\u00ean l\u00e0m ra, gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1eebng cho con ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1edd c\u1eady. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu qu\u00e1, t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 m\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u con c\u00e1i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. D\u00e2n ta th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen coi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vinh d\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang b\u1eaft qu\u00e0ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecd; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd; c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i r\u1ed3i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n do l\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n chu c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c h\u00e0 hi\u1ebfp, ch\u00e8n \u00e9p d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc quanh qu\u1ea9n trong \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu:<\/p>\n

\u201cPh\u1ea3i tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0o hai tay m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0103n, t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u1ee5c. Ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c anh em ch\u00fa b\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c con ch\u00e1u l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd, th\u00ec l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m vinh h\u1ea1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u00ean cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd c\u1eady, th\u00ec l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 danh gi\u00e1. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i \u1ea5y, cho n\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c l\u1eafm k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng. Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, th\u00ec t\u1eeb \u00f4ng b\u00e0, cha m\u1eb9, ch\u00fa b\u00e1c, anh em, ai c\u0169ng tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y c\u1ea3. V\u00ed b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 g\u00ec l\u00e0m \u0103n, th\u00ec h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ngh\u1ec1 \u0111i m\u00e0 nh\u1edd. M\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u00ean quan c\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u00e2n th\u00edch ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 h\u00e8n ki\u1ebfm \u0103n, t\u1ef1 h\u1ed3 cho nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1c \u00e1c, di\u1ebft d\u00f3ng.\u201d [1]<\/p>\n

Theo \u00f4ng, c\u00e1i t\u1ec7 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. \u201cN\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ta m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eady m\u00e3i c\u00e1i phong t\u1ee5c nh\u1edd v\u1ea3, tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady l\u1eabn nhau, th\u00ec c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng th\u00eam gi\u1ed1ng x\u00e2u (s\u00e2u) b\u1ecd, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng sao ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng sao th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00e1m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u c\u0169ng sai m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hy v\u1ecdng\u201d .<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u00f3i t\u1eadt c\u1ea7n l\u00ean \u00e1n n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u00f3i chu\u1ed9ng h\u01b0 danh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3, hay lam hay l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i hay \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u00fai n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng n\u00fai n\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft coi tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, xem th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay. Trong m\u1ee5c \u201cX\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh\u201d, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em> s\u1ed1 11 n\u0103m 1913, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u2026Tay c\u1ea7m c\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u1eaft v\u1eabn tr\u00f4ng b\u1ecdn d\u00e0i l\u01b0ng t\u1ed1n v\u1ea3i, l\u00fac n\u00e0o qu\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i c\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00edch, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u00fat l\u00f4ng th\u1ecf v\u1ebd h\u01b0\u01a1u v\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3n, t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean gi\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n, th\u00ec c\u0169ng qu\u0103ng \u0111i ngay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bu\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u1ee3 th\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 th\u00ec v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ebfn khi nh\u1edd c\u00e1i ch\u00e0ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee5c, c\u00e1i kim c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u01b0, th\u00ec \u0111i lo ngay c\u00e1i h\u00e0n c\u00e1i b\u00e1t chi chi, ngh\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 giao cho l\u0169 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m l\u00e0m n\u1eefa. C\u00f2n nh\u00e0 nho th\u00ec kh\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ch, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u1ed1 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4i hia c\u00e1i l\u1ecdng, khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa m\u1edf c\u00e1i c\u1eeda c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn quan ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a x\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa, th\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n lao \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n lao h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u0169ng m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb m\u1ed9t t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t: t\u00ednh hay c\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong m\u1ee5c \u201cX\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh\u201d, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em> s\u1ed1 22 n\u0103m 1913, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cAn Nam ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khen c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00ea c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1eddi. Hay c\u0169ng h\u00ec, m\u00e0 d\u1edf c\u0169ng h\u00ec; ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng h\u00ec, qu\u1ea5y c\u0169ng h\u00ec. Nh\u0103n r\u0103ng h\u00ec m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ebft nghi\u00eam trang\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n c\u1ea3m: \u201cX\u00e9t ra c\u00e1i c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ta nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c; c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u00e1o s\u01b0\u1ee3c (x\u01b0\u1ee3c) khinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi; c\u00f3 c\u00e2u ch\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a y\u00ean tr\u00ed (ch\u00ed) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghe h\u1ebft nh\u1eddi (l\u1eddi) ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00e8m (b\u00e1c b\u1ecf) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ea s\u1eb5n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta (\u2026) Kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng d\u00e1t (r\u00e1t) c\u1ed5 b\u1ecfng h\u1ecdng, m\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u1ee1i t\u00ea m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u00fd m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng h\u00ec, khen ch\u1eb3ng \u01a1n, m\u1eafng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e3i, h\u1ecfi ch\u1eb3ng th\u01b0a, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 mi\u1ec7ng c\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00ec, th\u00ec ir a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t t\u1ee9c\u201d. C\u00e1i c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed ki\u1ec3u \u201cg\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3i k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 t\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3i \u0111\u1ee9a \u1edf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee1 th\u1ebf\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f3i quen \u201cg\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n\u201d nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1edfng: \u201cN\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ta h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 (l\u00e0) k\u1ebb s\u1ea5c (x\u1ea5c) l\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng coi ai ra g\u00ec. M\u00e0 n\u00ean ph\u00e2n c\u00e1i s\u1ea5c (x\u1ea5c) l\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o\u201d.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u0103ng say l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ham h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang c\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p r\u00fat h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i th\u1eeb c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y v\u00f4 \u00edch. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, trau d\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hay lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i; h\u1ecd b\u1ecf ph\u00ed b\u1ed9 \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu suy ngh\u0129. Trong chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u201cX\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh\u201d,\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <\/em>s\u1ed1 16, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cGi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam ta, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh do th\u1ee7y th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ng\u1ed3i th\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. T\u1ee5c ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng con ru\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eadu m\u00e9p c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng bu\u1ed3n xua\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ng\u1ed3i th\u1eeb \u1ea5y g\u00e2y c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed gh\u00ea g\u1edbm v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian khi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eefu \u00edch ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, s\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat gi\u00e2y: \u201cs\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 m\u1eebng, l\u00e0 t\u1ee7i, l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea5t t\u1ea3, ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c n\u1ecd th\u00ec b\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c kia, c\u00f3 h\u1ecfng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y m\u1edbi kh\u00f4n vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00f3 v\u1ea5p v\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00e0nh, n\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i s\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00e1i v\u1ebb vang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Theo Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec gi\u1edd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m ba vi\u1ec7c: l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. \u201cL\u00fac l\u00e0m \u0103n gi\u1ed1c ch\u00ed l\u00e0m \u0103n; khi \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n ch\u01a1i, ch\u01a1i cho nh\u00e3; l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ee7, ng\u1ee7 cho say. Ch\u1edb c\u00f3 n\u1eeda l\u00e0m, n\u1eeda ng\u1ee7, n\u1eeda ch\u01a1i\u2026S\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i th\u1eeb qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda th\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 non y\u1ec3u ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m\u201d. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00edch th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f3i t\u1eadt n\u00e0y,  ph\u1ea3i \u201ct\u1eadp l\u1ea5y th\u00f3i quen, m\u1ed7i khi m\u00ecnh h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, xem tr\u00ed m\u00ecnh ngh\u0129 l\u00e0m sao, tay m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec. H\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: ta l\u00e0m, ta ngh\u1ec9, hay l\u00e0 ta ch\u01a1i. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec ta n\u00ean h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0i ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac s\u1ed1ng th\u1eeba.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u1ebft x\u1ea5u, h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t trong lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau th\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0  kh\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m kha! Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tinh nh\u1ea1y, s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb nh\u1eefng ung nh\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft, ch\u1eefa h\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u00e0y nay, theo d\u00f5i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ng\u1ed5n ngang nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 do \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a cao; c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m th\u00eda h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7: m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u0103n minh, gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, \u201ct\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft d\u1ea1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u01a1 ch\u00e2n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n minh \u0111\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] \u201cX\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh\u201d. \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em> s\u1ed1 8, 1913         <\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.          Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea1i Nam \u0111\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o<\/em>, s\u1ed1 814 ng\u00e0y 22\/8\/1907.<\/p>\n

2.          Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh<\/em>, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 8,<\/em> Jeudi 3 Juillet 1913.<\/p>\n

3.          Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh<\/em> (T\u00ednh bi\u1ec3n l\u1eadn, \u0103n gian n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i)<\/em>, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 9,<\/em> Jeudi 3 Juillet 1913.<\/p>\n

4.          Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh (Th\u00f3i \u0103n u\u1ed1ng),\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 10,<\/em> Jeudi 17 Juillet 1913.<\/p>\n

5.          Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh (Th\u00f3i l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfng), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 11,<\/em> Jeudi 24 Juillet 1913.<\/p>\n

6.          Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh (Th\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m, d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho l\u00e2u d\u00e0i), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 12,<\/em> Jeudi 31 Juillet 1913.<\/p>\n

7.          Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh, (T\u00ednh b\u00e1n t\u00edn b\u00e1n nghi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 13,<\/em> Jeudi 7 Aout 1913.<\/p>\n

8.          Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh (\u0102n m\u1eb7c su\u1ed3ng s\u00e3, h\u1edb h\u00eanh), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 14,<\/em> Jeudi 14 Aout 1913.<\/p>\n

9.          Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh, (Huy\u1ec1n h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 15,<\/em> Jeudi 21 Aout 1913.<\/p>\n

10.      Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh, (L\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 h\u1ee7),\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 16,<\/em> Jeudi 28 Aout 1913.<\/p>\n

11.      Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh, (L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 17,<\/em> Jeudi 4 Septembre 1913.<\/p>\n

12.      Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh, (Nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 18,<\/em> Jeudi 11 Septembre 1913.<\/p>\n

13.      Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh, (H\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfp b\u1ea1c, t\u00ednh m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 19,<\/em> Jeudi 18 Septembre 1913.<\/p>\n

14.      Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh (Th\u01b0 n\u1eb7c danh), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 20,<\/em> Jeudi 25 Septembre 1913.<\/p>\n

15.      Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh (V\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 21,<\/em> Jeudi 2 Octobre 1913.<\/p>\n

16.      Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh (G\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1eddi), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 22,<\/em> Jeudi 9 Octobre 1913.<\/p>\n

17.      Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, X\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh (C\u1edd b\u1ea1c), \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 29,<\/em> Jeudi 27 Novembre 1913.<\/p>\n

18.      Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, Thi\u1ebfu g\u1ea1o \u0103n th\u1eeba gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1t, \u0110\u1ea1i Nam \u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng b\u00e1o<\/em> s\u1ed1 802, ng\u00e0y 30-5-1907.<\/p>\n

19.      Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, Ma to gi\u1ed7 nh\u1edbn,<\/em> \u0110\u1ea1i Nam \u0110\u0103ng C\u1ed5 T\u00f9ng b\u00e1o<\/em>, s\u1ed1 796 ng\u00e0y 18\/4\/1907.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea0 ANH TH\u01af <\/b>– Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Th\u1ee7 D\u1ea7u M\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u2013 Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m 2011<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i d\u1eabn: http:\/\/khoavanhoc-ngonngu.edu.vn\/home\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2911%3Anguyn-vn-vnh-phe-phan-thoi-h-tt-xu-ca-ngi-vit&catid=63%3Avn-hc-vit-nam&Itemid=106&lang=en<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khoavanhoc-ngonngu.edu.vn – Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[105,30],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/C\u00e1o-ph\u00f3-NVV-t\u1ea1-th\u1ebf.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/439"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=439"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":440,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/439\/revisions\/440"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}