{"id":3355,"date":"2017-12-08T12:34:11","date_gmt":"2017-12-08T05:34:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=3355"},"modified":"2017-12-08T12:34:11","modified_gmt":"2017-12-08T05:34:11","slug":"chu-quoc-ngu-hinh-thanh-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=3355","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Theo t\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00ec th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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H\u1ecd t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao nh\u01b0 Trung Hoa, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9. Bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt, F.Xavier (1548) \u0111\u00e3 phi\u00ean m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ra ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 in nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 nh\u01b0 Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng Nh\u1eadt \u2013 B\u1ed3<\/em> t\u1ea1i Nagasaki (1603). \u1ede Trung Hoa, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch B\u1ed9 T\u1ee9 th\u01b0 ra ch\u1eef La tinh. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n B\u1ed3 – H\u00e1n<\/em> (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef B\u1ed3, ch\u1eef H\u00e1n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1eef H\u00e1n phi\u00ean \u00e2m). Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Trigault (1626) \u0111\u00e3 cho in \u201c\u00c2m v\u1eadn kinh vi to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c\u201d, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m, nguy\u00ean \u00e2m, thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef La tinh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, mang t\u00ednh khu v\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean \u00e2m n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i m\u00f2 m\u1eabm th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n manh nha.<\/p>\n

Minh ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh l\u1ebb t\u1ebb vi\u1ebft tay b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u00dd, ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 g\u1eedi cho c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Jo\u00e3o Roiz \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1eeda H\u00e0n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 La M\u00e3 (1621) trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb Annam (vi\u1ebft li\u1ec1n), unsai: \u00f4ng s\u00e3i, ungue: \u00f4ng Ngh\u00e8 (Ngh\u00e8 b\u1ed9 – ch\u1ee9c quan cai tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ba t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh), Cacham: K\u1ebb Ch\u00e0m (Thanh Chi\u00eam, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam).<\/p>\n

V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gaspar Luis vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb Macao g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 La M\u00e3 (\u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 17\/11\/1621) thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 Facfo: H\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1 (H\u1ed9i An), Tuson: \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, Cachiam: K\u1ebb Ch\u00e0m, Noiicman: N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n (B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb chung nh\u01b0 Ungue: \u00f4ng Ngh\u00e8, Ontrum: \u00f4ng Tr\u00f9m. N\u0103m 1626, Gaspar Luis trong b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh ghi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba danh Dinhcham, Cacham, Nuocman, Quanghia, Quinhin, Ranran: \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng.<\/p>\n

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Gaspar d\u2019Amaral, ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111i Nh\u1eadt n\u0103m 1623 sau \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1630) v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ea1i K\u1ebb Ch\u1ee3 (Th\u0103ng long). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u1ec1 cho Cha Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Trung Hoa (1632).<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft phi\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ghi thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0ng tl\u00e3o, \u0111\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e0ng tl\u00e2n: \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, \u0110\u00e0ng Tr\u00ean<\/em> (v\u00f9ng Cao B\u1eb1ng do nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c cai tr\u1ecb), O\u0169 ngh\u00e8: \u00f4ng Ngh\u00e8, nh\u00e0 ph\u0169: nh\u00e0 Ph\u1ee7<\/em> (m\u1ed7i x\u1ee9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 Ph\u1ee7), nh\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n: nh\u00e0 Huy\u1ec7n<\/em> (m\u1ed7i Ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Huy\u1ec7n), \u0111\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u0110\u1ee9c V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em> (th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n g\u1ecdi Ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh Tr\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c V\u01b0\u01a1ng), gi\u1ed7: gi\u1ed7, ng\u00e0y gi\u1ed7, chai: chay, \u0103n chay, ma chay, ch\u1eb7p: ch\u1ea1p, th\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1p, K\u1ebb u\u1ea1c: K\u1ebb V\u1ea1c<\/em> (\u1edf g\u1ea7n K\u1ebb N\u1ed9 trong t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a).<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Alexandre de Rhodes, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 B\u1ed3 – La<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Gaspar d\u2019Amaral. \u00d4ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Sau do Ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng r\u1eddi B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam. Truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 n\u0103m (1640 \u2013 1645). R\u1ed3i Ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Loan c\u0169ng c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0nh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 B\u1ed3 – La, Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/em> v\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00e9p gi\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m ng\u00e0y cho k\u1ebb mu\u1ea5n ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 be\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Bl\u1eddi\u201d.<\/em><\/div>\n

V\u1ec1 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t B\u1ed3 La<\/em> ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 sau. Trong Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/em> c\u00f3 2 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong 8 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 1 v\u00e0 2 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 lai l\u1ecbch c\u00e1c con ch\u1eef, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

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V\u1ec1 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ghi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0: \u0111i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i \u0111\u00f3, d\u01b0a gang, ghen gh\u00e9t, th\u01a1m tho.<\/em> C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ghi l\u1eabn c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m: chu\u1ea7ng tr\u00e2u b\u00f2, c\u1edb g\u00ec c\u1edb sao, bl\u00e1i gi\u1ee9a (tr\u00e1i d\u1ee9a), tl\u1ea3 (tr\u1ea3), tl\u1ee9ng (tr\u1ee9ng)\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea7n v\u1ea7n v\u00e0 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Igesico V\u0103n T\u00edn v\u00e0 Bento Thi\u1ec7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 B\u1ed3 – La<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 c\u00f3 \u201cS\u00e1ch s\u1ed5 sang ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a Philiph\u00ea B\u1ec9nh (b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay n\u0103m 1822). Cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 La tinh<\/em> c\u1ee7a Pigneaux de B\u00e9haine, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n \u1edf C\u00e0 Mau, may c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf V\u0103n kh\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ngo\u00e0i.<\/div>\n

Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Cu\u1ed1n \u201cNam Vi\u1ec7t D\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a JL.Taberd xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i S\u00e9rampore 1838 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ghi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay. V\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eeda sang l\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Pigneaux De B\u00e9haine. Th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eebng nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sao v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 B\u1ed3 – La<\/em> thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 La<\/em> thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u1eafng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kia.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i Paris c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n g\u1eedi b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb 1702 \u0111\u1ebfn 1792. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cCh\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18\u201d<\/em>(do \u0110o\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n Thu\u1eadt s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, 2008<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\"Ch\u1eef<\/div>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n v\u1ea7n, x\u00e9t qua nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ghi l\u00e0 ung, \u00f4ng, ong<\/em>, ta th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\"Ch\u1eef<\/div>\n

C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Latinh d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00ec \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 x\u00f3a \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef B\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e2u m\u1edbi th\u1eafng th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c JL Taberd ti\u1ebfp tay.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Nam Vi\u1ec7t D\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7p T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng<\/em> ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. N\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Pigneaux De B\u00e9haine l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

GS \u0110o\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n Thu\u1eadt<\/strong> (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, \u0110HQG H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

***************************<\/p>\n

\n

\"Ch\u1eef<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn cho quan ch\u1ee9c hay mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf cho d\u00e2n \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"Ch\u1eef<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"Ch\u1eef<\/div>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: Di\u1ec5m Anh – Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ea3o – Ng\u00e2n Anh<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: VietnamNet<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo t\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00ec th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":3356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[26,139,23,97,87,95,105,32,42,27,107,93,22,20,30,138,108,106,86,109,53,55,34,33,156,94,96,54,28,31,100,51,24,8,112,99,21,25,36,110],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chu-quoc-ngu-cover.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3355"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3355"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3355\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3357,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3355\/revisions\/3357"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}