{"id":2822,"date":"2016-11-18T12:53:53","date_gmt":"2016-11-18T05:53:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=2822"},"modified":"2016-11-23T22:24:33","modified_gmt":"2016-11-23T15:24:33","slug":"lich-su-khong-nghi-huu-ky-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=2822","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec KH\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec8 H\u01afU – K\u1ef3 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u1ef3 1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

C\u1ed8NG H\u00d2A X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u2013 T\u1ef1 do \u2013 H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/strong><\/p>\n

——————————-<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2011<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00ednh g\u1eedi<\/em>:\u00a0 B\u00e0 IRINA BOKOVA,<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c UNESCO<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c: Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh (1882-1936) trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng \u2013T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00ednh th\u01b0a B\u00e0!<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n B\u00ecnh, sinh n\u0103m 1951 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. T\u00f4i g\u1eedi th\u01b0 n\u00e0y t\u1edbi B\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u201c\u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o\u201d<\/em> \u2013 1907 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam (TONKIN). Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat c\u1ee7a 6 t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfp theo xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1edd b\u00e1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u201cL\u2019Annam Nouveau\u201d<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Grand Prix t\u1ea1i Paris n\u0103m 1932.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0: La Fontaine, V.Hugo, H.Balzac, A.Dumas, Gil Blas de Santillane, Moliere \u2026\u2026 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0: La Rochefoucault, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Pascal, Rabelais, Gaston Paris \u2026.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cTruy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u\u201d ra ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf mang trong m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cao c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c qua s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p V\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean h\u1eefu quan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ghi danh Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng – T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i g\u1eedi c\u00f9ng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y 32 trang t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p V\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt c\u00e1m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd B\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

K\u00ednh ch\u00fac B\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe!<\/p>\n

K\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng!<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n B\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n B\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

N\u0103m sinh : 1951<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang : 55 L\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u1eed C, ph\u01b0\u1eddng V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i NR : (84-4).37470126; Di \u0111\u1ed9ng : 094.748.2805<\/p>\n

E.mail : Binhln51@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

\"sinh-ven-va-giao-vien-khoa-van-dhsp-hn-to-chuc-xem-phim-nguyen-van-vinh-ngay-8-5-2009\"<\/a>Sinh vi\u00ean khoa v\u0103n xem phim: ” M\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Man di hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i”<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u1ed8NG H\u00d2A X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u2013 T\u1ef1 do \u2013 H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/strong><\/p>\n

——————————-<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2011<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00ednh g\u1eedi<\/em>:\u00a0 Ng\u00e0i ABDOU DIOUF,<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c: Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 vinh danh nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh (1882-1936) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng \u2013T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Phong tr\u00e0o FRANCOPHONIE.<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00ednh th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch !<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n B\u00ecnh, sinh n\u0103m 1951 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. T\u00f4i g\u1eedi th\u01b0 n\u00e0y t\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u201c\u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o\u201d<\/em> \u2013 1907 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat c\u1ee7a 6 t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfp theo xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1edd b\u00e1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u201cL\u2019Annam Nouveau\u201d<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Grand Prix t\u1ea1i Paris n\u0103m 1932.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0: La Fontaine, V.Hugo, H.Balzac, A.Dumas, Gil Blas de Santillane, Moliere \u2026\u2026 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0: La Rochefoucault, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Pascal, Rabelais, Gaston Paris \u2026.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cTruy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u\u201d ra ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf mang trong m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cao c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 n\u00eau cao vai tr\u00f2 Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef, t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c qua s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p V\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean h\u1eefu quan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 vinh danh Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng – T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i g\u1eedi c\u00f9ng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y 32 trang t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p V\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt c\u00e1m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

K\u00ednh ch\u00fac Ng\u00e0i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe!<\/p>\n

K\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng!<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n B\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n B\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

N\u0103m sinh : 1951<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang : 55 L\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u1eed C, ph\u01b0\u1eddng V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i NR : (84-4).37470126; Di \u0111\u1ed9ng : 094.748.2805<\/p>\n

E.mail : Binhln51@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

\"francophony-10001\"<\/a>\u00c1p ph\u00edch ng\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef t\u1ea1i Montpellier 20.3.2008<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u1edcI M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea6U<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00f3t 10 n\u0103m qua, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam 20\/6\/2002, v\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cT\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh 1882 \u2013 1936\u201d <\/em>do H\u1ed9i Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng gia t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 theo s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n 75 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. Song song v\u1edbi n\u00f3, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eeba qua v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai quan t\u00e2m, s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed V\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, trung th\u1ef1c, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u00f3 \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 chi\u00eam nhi\u1ec7m. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 50% vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1\u00a0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n, qua \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ai quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi b\u1edbt tr\u0103n tr\u1edf v\u00ec nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a, t\u00f4i xin n\u00eau nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, xem x\u00e9t, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

I. TH\u00c2N TH\u1ebe v\u00e0 S\u1ef0 NGHI\u1ec6P<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh sinh ng\u00e0y 15\/6\/1882 t\u1ea1i th\u00f4n Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng V\u0169, x\u00e3 Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng D\u1ef1c, ph\u1ee7 Th\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00edn, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng (nay l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fa Xuy\u00ean, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 con c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o. B\u1ed1 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qu\u00ea ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng b\u00ean v\u1ee3, t\u1ea1i 46 ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng Gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1890, khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh 8 tu\u1ed5i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh cho Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111i ch\u0103n b\u00f2 thu\u00ea ngo\u00e0i b\u00e3i Long Bi\u00ean (ch\u00e2n c\u1ea7u Long Bi\u00ean, c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1902 m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u Paul Dumer). Do c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103n b\u00f2, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 V\u0129nh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea3 b\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ph\u00eda B\u1eafc b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1n Y\u00ean Ph\u1ee5 (Hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng PTCS.M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0129nh Chi, s\u1ed1 66 ph\u1ed1 Ph\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh, qu\u1eadn Ba \u0110\u00ecnh) c\u00f3 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y, d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed7 t\u00fa t\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1eed nh\u00e2n, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n (phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch). C\u1eadu V\u0129nh ng\u1ecf \u00fd xin b\u1ed1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qua gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf nh\u1edd (Ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb con trong \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng Gi\u1ea5y) t\u00ecm manh m\u1ed1i… v\u00e0 c\u1eadu V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 may m\u1eafn xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u00e2n k\u00e9o qu\u1ea1t m\u00e1t cho l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc (th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n). V\u1eady l\u00e0, 8 tu\u1ed5i, c\u1eadu V\u0129nh chia tay v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103n b\u00f2 thu\u00ea, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Th\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecf k\u00e9o qu\u1ea1t<\/em>. M\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 4 n\u0103m, khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0o l\u00e0m, l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u201cth\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecf\u201d<\/em> k\u00e9o qu\u1ea1t, c\u1eadu V\u0129nh m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng nghe gi\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi 40 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f2n v\u00ec n\u00f3i leo theo th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y, g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, v\u00e0 hay nh\u1eafc b\u00e0i c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh ng\u1eafc ng\u1ee9 khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1892. l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Th\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecf k\u00e9o qu\u1ea1t<\/em> m\u00e3n kho\u00e1, d\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 A. D\u2019argence, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed s\u1ee9c \u201cTh\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecf k\u00e9o qu\u1ea1t<\/em>\u201d b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p c\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp, c\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed7 th\u1ee9 12 tr\u00ean 40 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\"2-cuon-sach-nvv-0001\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n (phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch) cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p – Coll\u00e8ge des Interpr\u00eates<\/em> – m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1eadu b\u1ed5, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i xin vi\u1ec7c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf tu\u1ed5i l\u00ean 10 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 10 tu\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh kho\u00e1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecf k\u00e9o qu\u1ea1t<\/em>\u201d \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0a chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ed1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cH\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u00e9o qu\u1ea1t, hai l\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111i ch\u0103n b\u00f2, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111i h\u1ecdc?!\u201d<\/em>. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau, \u00f4ng gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, v\u00ec sao Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng?! Khi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u00fd do, \u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n!<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau 4 n\u0103m m\u00e3n kho\u00e1, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed7 th\u1ee7 khoa n\u0103m 1896. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed7 th\u1ee7 khoa, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 14, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. May thay, \u00f4ng D\u2019argence c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf T\u00f2a s\u1ee9 Lao Cai. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, do v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u01a1i \u00f4ng A. D\u2019argence d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u201cTh\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecf k\u00e9o qu\u1ea1t\u201d<\/em>, b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9ng ra xin nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n cho T\u00f2a s\u1ee9 Lao Cai l\u00fac 15 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1eddi C\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho T\u00f2a s\u1ee9 Lao Cai, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Lao Cai \u2013 V\u00e2n Nam. N\u0103m 1899, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i To\u00e0 s\u1ee9 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. \u1ede To\u00e0 s\u1ee9 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tham gia vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i cho t\u1edd b\u00e1o Tin t\u1ee9c H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng<\/em> in b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p \u201cCourrier de Hai Phong\u201d. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Hoa v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh do c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. C\u0169ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng theo s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1edd mua l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Fran\u00e7ois-Henry Schneider (1)<\/strong><\/sup>. <\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1903, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 To\u00e0 s\u1ee9 B\u1eafc Giang. T\u00f2a s\u1ee9 B\u1eafc Giang n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9 Hauser. N\u0103m 1905, C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9 Hauser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ed1c l\u00fd H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u0110\u1ed1c l\u00fd Hauser quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00e9o Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u00f9ng theo v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

\"OLYMPUS<\/a>
OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

N\u0103m 1906, n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5u s\u1ea3o) t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng M\u00e1c X\u00e2y, Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n giao vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y cho T\u00f2a \u0110\u1ed1c l\u00fd H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ed1c l\u00fd Hauser \u0111\u00e3 giao to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tham gia h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u00edch danh Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 xin l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p th\u00eam 3 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ed s\u1ef9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0: Pierre Vierge, Lhermite… C\u0169ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ra nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p (Ligue des Droits de L Homme<\/em>). Nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u00e2m l\u00fd, t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m b\u00e1o v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n (2)<\/sup>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u00e1o. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng tham gia b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebbn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u00fang 10 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

3. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p B\u00e1o ch\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1906 t\u1eeb M\u00e1c X\u00e2y, g\u1eedi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Duy T\u1ed1n (1881-1924), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ed s\u1ef9 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u (3)<\/sup>. <\/strong>Theo \u00f4ng, d\u00e2n tr\u00ed ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1edf n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1, m\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, trong khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch v\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong n\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p. S\u1ef1 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u00f2i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c!<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tri th\u1ee9c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c ch\u00ed s\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 lo l\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n tr\u00ed giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m v\u00e0 m\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9i, u t\u1ed1i, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng phong ki\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khoa c\u1eed ngh\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, N\u00f4m, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp thu, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

\u201cX\u01b0a kia \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng d\u00f9i m\u00e0i bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e2u, t\u1ed1n bao nhi\u00eau c\u01a1m cha m\u1eb9, m\u1edbi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, mi\u1ec7ng ng\u00e2m \u0111\u00f9i rung, m\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ea5t trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u00fd th\u00fa g\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u00fd th\u00fa th\u1ef1c…\u201d <\/em>(4)<\/sup><\/strong> .<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, v\u00ec ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp thu. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eb1m r\u00fat ng\u1eafn qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1ecfng n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi F. H. Schneider. Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3<\/em> v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3<\/em>. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb v\u1edbi ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Latin h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi h\u01a1n 20 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 2 b\u00e0n tay tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\"quan-am-thi-kinh\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, mu\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. V\u1eady v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? Sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o, gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n (Francois Henri Schneider), v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh), \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u0103m 1918.<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i, \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh (1872-1926)(5) <\/sup><\/strong>. \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c ra \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m b\u00e1o t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng tin, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat c\u00e1c b\u00e1o:<\/p>\n