{"id":2696,"date":"2016-09-28T09:52:04","date_gmt":"2016-09-28T02:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=2696"},"modified":"2016-09-28T18:00:45","modified_gmt":"2016-09-28T11:00:45","slug":"nguoi-man-di-hien-dai-nguyen-van-vinh-va-tinh-phuc-tap-cua-cong-cuoc-hien-dai-hoa-thuoc-dia-o-viet-nam-phan-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=2696","title":{"rendered":"\u201cNG\u01af\u1edcI MAN DI HI\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0I\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam – Ph\u1ea7n 3"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ph\u1ea7n 1<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n 2<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"toan-quyen-va-bao-dai-ket-noi-duong-sat-d-duong\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Vua B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n Ro Bin l\u1eafp nh\u1eefng thanh ray t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa h\u1ecfa cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng <\/em><\/p>\n

trong bu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i – S\u00e0i Gon ng\u00e0y 2.9.1936. (\u1ea3nh s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n \u0110\u1ee9c – Ph\u00e1p)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch th\u00fa, c\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ec9a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o m\u1ee5c b\u00e0i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u00a0L\u00ean \u00e1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em><\/p>\n

(Se moquer de tout), trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 theo \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sinh \u0111\u1ebb, t\u1ee5c \u0103n tr\u1ea7u, s\u1ef1 tham nh\u0169ng, th\u00f3i m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan…<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1913 \u0111\u1ebfn 1915, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u201cT\u00e2y\u201d h\u01a1n, \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ecb th\u00f4i th\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u00e1c-uyn (Darwin), Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh coi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch nghi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ki\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p. H\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u201chi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 ghi t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh tin r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u0169 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 theo \u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng: n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t khi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngang v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00c2u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh h\u00f3a \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Th\u00e1i Lan (Xi\u00eam) v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u201cPh\u00e1p-Vi\u1ec7t\u201d(46)<\/sup>. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf h\u01a1n \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u0103n minh m\u00e0, theo t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i \u201cch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i\u201d x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng(47)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Xin l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5, chuy\u1ec7n y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n minh. Trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cChuy\u1ec7n \u0103n m\u1eb7c\u201d, <\/em>ngay \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, \u00f4ng V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u201cv\u0103n minh h\u00f3a theo ki\u1ec3u T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cGi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/em> nh\u1eadn y ph\u1ee5c \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 \u0111\u1ea5u ( g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 fez, lo\u1ea1i m\u0169 \u1edf Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o-ND). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i sampot (kh\u1ed1-ND). C\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft t\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y trong trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u00c2u h\u00f3a. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb nay,th\u00f4ng qua v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn h\u1ecd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u0103n minh kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (…). <\/em><\/p>\n

\u1ece ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y ph\u1ee5c \u00c2u ch\u00e2u sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean trong. <\/em><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c cung c\u00e1ch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ch\u00ed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong ch\u00ednh con m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh\u201d<\/em>(48)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Quan s\u00e1t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p c\u00e1ch \u0103n m\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3u qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u00d4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c T\u00e2y h\u00f3a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea1o gi\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e0 binh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u nh\u1eefng ai \u0103n m\u1eb7c gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1eabn th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng b\u1edfi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft t\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c phong trong trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1ef1\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u201c\u1ee9ng x\u1eed\u201d(49)<\/sup>. Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u00f4m nay (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 m\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1)(50)<\/sup>, \u00f4ng V\u0129nh r\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i quan s\u00e1t h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00edch th\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch nh\u1eefng g\u00ec theo \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cnghi th\u1ee9c phong ki\u1ebfn\u201d, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ef3 l\u1ea1y(51) <\/sup>c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi quan l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vua t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00ean theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1i Lan, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Trung Hoa. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 tin ch\u1eafc, m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng trong s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng y ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00e0i t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0 th\u00edch \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai th\u00edch th\u00fa, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m t\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u201cti\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba\u201d, hay v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a hay l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc trong \u0103n m\u1eb7c, phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00c2u h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ta th\u1ea5y Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e1m d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Minh Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch nghi trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ph\u1ee5c trang v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i\u00a0 ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cT\u00e2n sinh\u201d \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Hoa D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cS\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d<\/em> do Phibul<\/em> Songkram <\/em>th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i Lan ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft tay khi ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi th\u00e2n m\u1eadt (sawatdii), hay \u00f4m h\u00f4n v\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d (siwilai). Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i thay v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat(53)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00c2u h\u00f3a \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u(54)<\/sup>, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u1eefa l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed \u1edf Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1(55)<\/sup>. V\u1eady l\u00e0, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh canh t\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u0103n minh. \u01af\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u1edf k\u1ecbch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh t\u01b0\u1edfng <\/em>c\u1ee7a Moli\u00e8re l\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vai di\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u00fd ch\u00ed th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng minh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t Ph\u00e1p cho th\u1ea5y: b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Moli\u00e8re c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd<\/p>\n

\u201cch\u1ee9ng minh cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ec1u d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Moli\u00e8re v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c\u201d(<\/sup><\/em>57)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng c\u0169ng mang \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u00ean m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u. <\/em>\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i tr\u00ean t\u1edd Trung B\u1eafc T\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/em>, b\u1ed9 phim n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdi r\u1ee3\u201d. <\/em>B\u1ed9 phim nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u201cl\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft\u201d,<\/em> r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d<\/em> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdi r\u1ee3, nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00fa v\u1ecb, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ed9 phim n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, nhanh nh\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghe th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam(58)<\/sup>. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. \u01af\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u1ee9ng x\u1eed theo phong c\u00e1ch \u00c2u T\u00e2y, m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 \u00c2u, \u0111\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 ki\u1ec3u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, hay m\u1ed9t \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ( h\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u201cb\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 h\u00f3a\u201d h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u1eb1m tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd sinh ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00ean ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 l\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ecdi r\u1ee3\u201d(59)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u2013 Xem x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u201cv\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y\u201d, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7n minh vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh khai h\u00f3a v\u0103n minh Ph\u00e1p-Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba(60)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i phe \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Campuchia v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t sang Campuchia thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1edd b\u00e1o L\u2019Annam Nouveau \u0111\u00e3 <\/em>tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi Camphuchia v\u00ec c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u00e1c Uyn, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c1, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00cdt ra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Campuchia c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c hoang d\u00e3 \u1edf Trung Phi, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f2ng tay \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0, l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd\u201d(<\/sup><\/em>61)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 v\u0103n minh n\u00e0y, v\u1eady m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i tr\u00f9ng nhau \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m khi \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu sau n\u00e0y. C\u00e1i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c theo gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p mang m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc khai h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u01b0a h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i l\u00fd th\u00fa nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 theo \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Campuchia sau n\u00e0y(62)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn chung quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 phi l\u00fd v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201cgi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef. Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u0103n minh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai h\u00f3a cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y!<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u1edf ch\u1ed7, cu\u1ed9c va ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u01a1 me l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111i nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft l\u00fd khai h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, th\u00ec m\u1ed1i giao h\u1ea3o Ph\u00e1p-Nam c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, n\u1ebfu Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh coi v\u0103n minh Vi\u1ec7t Nam cao h\u01a1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u01a1 me, th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 khinh mi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u0103n minh?!). S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1933, trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m n\u1ea3y l\u1eeda gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng Majestic H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (r\u1ea1p Th\u00e1ng 8 hi\u1ec7n nay).<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa k\u1ebb cai tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecf ngay c\u00e1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u1ed3n \u00e0o n\u00e0y(64)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 sau khi \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n (Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba-ND) v\u00e0 trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t \u00f4ng v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p\u201d (kh\u00e1c g\u00ec vi\u1ec7c bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Campuchia \u201cch\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d)(65)<\/sup>. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady:<\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1eadt t\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y th\u1eadt qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ranh ma. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p?!\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda n\u00e0o, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p; r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 khi h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1edf b\u00ean m\u00ecnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed1i giao h\u1ea3o Ph\u00e1p-Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i xu\u00f4ng\u201d(<\/sup><\/em>66)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Campuchia, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1ee9ng x\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng giao \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh kh\u00e1c nhau trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng v\u00e0o v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb duy nh\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00e1p ng\u1eef\u201d thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"anh-le-minh-son-vnplus\"<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n Paul Doumer v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 m\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y?!<\/em><\/div>\n

\u00a0(\u1ea2nh T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p Francois Hollande v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Ng\u00f4 B\u1ea3o Ch\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 5.9.2016).<\/em><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u0103n m\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i lo c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u00c2u h\u00f3a thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 Denys Lombard \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p[1]<\/a>. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n Albert Sarraut (1911-1913, 1917-1919) v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, Louis Marty, \u0111\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u01b0u t\u00fa Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o Trung Hoa v\u1eabn n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u2013 d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

Sarraut tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u201cTi\u1ebfng Anh, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng duy nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f3\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Trung Hoa \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c. Sarraut l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp m\u00e0 Khang H\u1eefu Vi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Sarraut \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c c\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p do Noel P\u00e9ri vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1911 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan, cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn\u201d. P\u00e9ri v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf Trung Hoa v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan. Nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Khang H\u1eefu Vi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m m\u1ecdi s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o Trung Hoa, thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o\u201d<\/em>[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Sarraut d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e3 chi\u00eau t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, B\u00f9i Quang Chi\u00eau, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng t\u1edd b\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng – c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Nam Phong, La Tribune Indig\u00e8ne<\/em> (Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9<\/em>) v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Trung B\u1eafc t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Sarraut ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Louis Marty v\u00e0 Schneider \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u201d nh\u1eb1m c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u201cc\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p\u201d \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o, d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u1eafm c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 qua ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u1edf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. Louis Marty nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i cho Sarraut h\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng 3-1919 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

\u201cTrong s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng hay bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ebfm. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh hay t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Marty t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Sarraut, \u201cth\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Schneider, v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng chinh ph\u1ee5c thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, trong khi b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 quan tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Marty th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u201cb\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. <\/em>\u00d4ng n\u00f3i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201cth\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7\u201d. <\/em>N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u201cNh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00ean m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t t\u1edd th\u00f4ng tin, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u00e8m theo l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1nh xa m\u1ecdi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i; Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o th\u00f4ng minh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00f3 [\u2026] c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn lao \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec h\u1ecd; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p h\u01a1n, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc; n\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c [\u2026]\u201d[3]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh Schneider \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Sarraut. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eeba v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eeba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Marty thay th\u1ebf Schneider sau chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1937, Vayrac, ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u1edf B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Vayrac. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh trong b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9: Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u1edf B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 25 n\u0103m nay nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam \u0111\u1ecdc<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Theo l\u1eddi Vayrac, kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c h\u00e0i k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Moli\u00e8re v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Vayrac kh\u00f4ng che d\u1ea5u r\u1eb1ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u201c\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u00e1u hay b\u1ea3y b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Vayrac \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cthuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c [\u00f4ng ta], trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam, trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1ed5 \u00edch\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u201cm\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u00f4ng V\u0129nh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ca t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ra \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, nh\u01b0 Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a La Fontaine v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch Perrault\u201d[4]<\/strong><\/a>. <\/em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta th\u1ea5y Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y \u00fd ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

Phe nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Sarraut \u0111ang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng. Vayrac gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edd b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn Nh\u00e0 in B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 (Imprimerie tonkinoise<\/em>) v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ra m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm c\u1edb b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Vayrac \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng V\u0129nh h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111ang th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Sarraut l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qua ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d <\/em>\u1edf B\u1eafc K\u1ef3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y Schneider v\u00e0 \u00f4ng V\u0129nh c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em>, r\u1ed3i t\u1edd Trung B\u1eafc t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/em>. Nh\u01b0 Vayrac \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u201c\u00d4ng V\u0129nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. \u00d4ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p\u201d, <\/em>m\u00e0 qu\u00ean n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, vai tr\u00f2 giao ph\u00f3 cho \u00f4ng V\u0129nh trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i lo c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u201cd\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ch\u00e2u \u00c1\u201d b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u00e1c thao t\u00fang (nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1931, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Trung Hoa, tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 An Nam, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u201d<\/em>[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ngay sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00f4ng V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Trung Hoa\u201d<\/em> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho \u00f4ng l\u1eadp c\u00e1c T\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch B\u1eafc k\u1ef3<\/em> (Lectures Tonkinoises<\/em>). N\u0103m 1927 v\u00e0 1928, th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 Ren\u00e9 Robin th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Almanach Annamite<\/em> (Ni\u00ean l\u1ecbch Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0 An Nam<\/em>) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch La Pens\u00e9e de l\u2019Occident<\/em><\/p>\n

(\u00c2u T\u00e2y T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em>), theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean. Robin \u0111\u1eb7t \u00f4ng V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u hai t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. S\u1ef1 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00e2y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Trung Hoa t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch Trung Hoa in \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u hay Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u201ch\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n\u201d <\/em>theo l\u1eddi \u00f4ng Vayrac. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch T\u00e0u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn 1,2 h\u00e0o. Vayrac gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3) t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi \u0111\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d.<\/em> B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y hai.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 mua v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb-v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch \u00c2u T\u00e2y T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1.800.000 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 1.000.000 b\u1ea3n cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi 65.000 b\u1ed9[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xa x\u01b0a h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o v\u0103n minh Vi\u1ec7t Nam so v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u201c\u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang\u201d Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Vayrac bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n l\u1edbn lao khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp thanh ni\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930. Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea7m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba[8]<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Anh v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cx\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3\u201d<\/em> gi\u1eefa hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eafm s\u00e2u n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t xa l\u1ea1, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba th\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Thay l\u1eddi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tin v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n song h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ta v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong khung c\u1ea3nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Khi T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, b\u00e0i x\u00edch l\u1ed1i \u0103n m\u1eb7c theo T\u00e2y \u0111ang th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n nho h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u201cti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng V\u0129nh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 mang theo \u01b0u th\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d[9]<\/a>. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9, b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u00f3a\u201d nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hay Th\u00e1i Lan. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Vichit Vathakan n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i hokugaku<\/em> hay hokutai<\/em> trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u201cch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p\u201d.<\/em> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u00f3a\u201d <\/em>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam – gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan – ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 Pierre Pasquier \u0111\u00e3 quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc An Nam thu\u1edf x\u01b0a<\/em>, nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn, trong khi v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, noi theo Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi, g\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb1m d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u201cm\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u1edd L\u2019Annam Nouveau<\/em> (N\u01b0\u1edbc Nam m\u1edbi) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp khi Pierre Pasquier ca ng\u1ee3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi \u00f4ng V\u0129nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1i Lan n\u0103m 1932 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 \u00edch\u201d <\/em>[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

…\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, t\u00f4i xin l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e9 m\u1edf r\u00f5 h\u01a1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nan gi\u1ea3i, c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. N\u0103m 1932, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u00f4ng g\u1ee7i cho nh\u00e0 Nho, nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1i h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 Nho ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi man di hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd trong c\u00f9ng c\u00e1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec h\u01a1n \u00f4ng Kh\u00e1ng, d\u00f9 sao, c\u00e1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi.
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nhau tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ai c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng…ch\u1eb3ng qua v\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0, r\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng!\u201d(<\/sup><\/em><\/strong>76)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

——————————————-<\/p>\n

H\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*<\/em><\/strong> Ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 Christopher E. Goscha, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch M\u1ef9, chuy\u00ean gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c c\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p. Hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean khoa \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Montreal-Canada<\/em>. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean RFHOM, T.88, s\u1ed1 332-333 (2001).<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Denys Lombard, Ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Java, I: Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00c2u h\u00f3a<\/em>, d\u1eabn lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u201cTo\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eedi B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba\u201d, ng\u00e0y 15-9-1917, ph\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, 65409, CAOM.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u201cL. Marty g\u1eedi To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, ng\u00e0y 3-3-1919, ph\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, d. 65407, CAOM.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u1edf B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 trong kho\u1ea3ng 25 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam\u201d, ng\u00e0y 17-2-1937, k\u00fd t\u00ean Vayrac, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, RSTF\/NF, d. 05219, CAOM.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u201cB\u00e1o ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9\u201d, AN<\/em>, 20-4-1931.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n B\u1eafc K\u1ef3\u201d, tr. 9-11.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1ecbch l\u00fd, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sau n\u00e0y khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau.. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 do \u00f4ng du nh\u1eadp ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u201cPh\u00e1p ng\u1eef\u201d h\u1eadu thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u1ede L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Campuchia l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u00edt h\u01a1n, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u00edt quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00e1c t\u1eebng m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u201cCu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2n sinh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d, AN<\/em>, 11-10-1934.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u201cB\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Xi\u00eam\u201d, AN<\/em>, 3-7-1932.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

46<\/strong> \u201cV\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 in Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh\u201d, tr. 1.<\/p>\n

47<\/strong> Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, Trung B\u1eafc t\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/em>, d\u1eabn theo Qu\u1ed1c Anh trong \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ed5 v\u0169 cho \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh\u201d, s\u0111d.<\/em><\/p>\n

48<\/strong> Thongchai Winichakul, \u201c\u0110i t\u00ecm v\u0103n minh\u2026\u201d, s\u0111d<\/em>, tr. 528-549.<\/p>\n

49<\/strong> V\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khai h\u00f3a v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, xem: Goscha, Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng?<\/em><\/p>\n

50<\/strong> Hy Tong, \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Cao Mi\u00ean?\u201d, AN<\/em>, 20-8-1933, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng?<\/em><\/p>\n

51<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Xem: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/em>, t\u1eadp II, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Nxb S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, 1977, tr. 476-477.<\/p>\n

52<\/strong> Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u201cQuanh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n\u201d, AN<\/em>, 15-6-1933.<\/p>\n

53<\/strong> Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u201cCh\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p\u201d, AN<\/em>, 27-8-1933.<\/p>\n

54<\/strong> Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u201cNh\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau\u201d, AN<\/em>, 6-7-1933.<\/p>\n

55<\/strong> Denys Lombard, Ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Java, I: Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00c2u h\u00f3a<\/em>, d\u1eabn lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

56<\/strong> \u201cTo\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eedi B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba\u201d, ng\u00e0y 15-9-1917, ph\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, 65409, CAOM.<\/p>\n

57<\/strong> \u201cL. Marty g\u1eedi To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, ng\u00e0y 3-3-1919, ph\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, d. 65407, CAOM.<\/p>\n

58<\/strong> \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u1edf B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 trong kho\u1ea3ng 25 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam\u201d, ng\u00e0y 17-2-1937, k\u00fd t\u00ean Vayrac, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, RSTF\/NF, d. 05219, CAOM.<\/p>\n

59<\/strong> Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u201cB\u00e1o ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9\u201d, AN<\/em>, 20-4-1931.<\/p>\n

60<\/strong> \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n B\u1eafc K\u1ef3\u201d, tr. 9-11.<\/p>\n

61<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1ecbch l\u00fd, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sau n\u00e0y khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau.. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 do \u00f4ng du nh\u1eadp ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u201cPh\u00e1p ng\u1eef\u201d h\u1eadu thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

62<\/strong> \u1ede L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Campuchia l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u00edt h\u01a1n, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u00edt quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00e1c t\u1eebng m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

63<\/strong> Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u201cCu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2n sinh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d, AN<\/em>, 11-10-1934.<\/p>\n

64<\/strong> \u201cB\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Xi\u00eam\u201d, AN<\/em>, 3-7-1932.<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda trong to\u00e0n b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a BBT.Tannamtu.com<\/a>.<\/em><\/div>\n

LB<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ph\u1ea7n 1 Ph\u1ea7n 2 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9. Vua B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n Ro Bin l\u1eafp nh\u1eefng thanh ray t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa h\u1ecfa cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong bu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i – S\u00e0i Gon ng\u00e0y 2.9.1936. (\u1ea3nh s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":1900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[26,139,23,97,87,95,105,32,42,27,107,93,22,20,30,138,108,106,86,109,53,55,34,33,156,94,96,54,28,31,100,51,24,8,112,99,21,25,36,110],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/nguyn-vn-vnh.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2696"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2696"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2729,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2696\/revisions\/2729"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}