{"id":2432,"date":"2016-05-08T10:46:27","date_gmt":"2016-05-08T03:46:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=2432"},"modified":"2016-05-08T10:46:27","modified_gmt":"2016-05-08T03:46:27","slug":"su-nghiep-nguyen-van-vinh-phan-4-phan-cuoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=2432","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef0 NGHI\u1ec6P NGUY\u1ec4N V\u0102N V\u0128NH \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 4 ( Ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i )"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed1<\/strong> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cTin t\u1ee9c \u2013 H\u1ed9i T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u00f4ng kinh\u201d, cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1 16 : s\u1ed11 v\u00e0 2, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u n\u0103m 1936.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"NguyenVanVinh0_thumb.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea7n 3
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngay sau khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf \u00fd ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p, song l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng b\u1eaft tay vi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Nam. V\u00ec qu\u00e1 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i, n\u00ean \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m nh\u00e0 v\u0103n qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh mang m\u1ed9t tham v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ham l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ebf Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u1ecb\u00eap c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng: \u201c\u00d4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc An Nam(13)<\/a> nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t chung, r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn chung, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 ?\u201d <\/em>\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i: “T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u00f4i x\u00e1c minh ch\u00fang, r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111em ch\u00fang tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ai th\u00edch th\u00ec r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u00edch quan t\u00e2m”.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 ch\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh lao v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eed gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, lu\u00f4n t\u1ecf ra c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c \u2013 h\u1ecd c\u00f4ng nhi\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed1n V\u0103n minh \u1edf Ph\u00e1p <\/em>[“Civilisation en France”] m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ki\u1ec3u [s\u1eed gia ki\u00eam ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch, t\u1eebng l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u00e1p] Fran\u00e7ois Guizot [(1787-1874)] t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00ed. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u1eed gia Ph\u00e1p kia, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 e ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c “t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft” \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh n\u00f3i: ” H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp\u2026V\u00ec lo l\u1eafng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed ghi ch\u00e9p, d\u00f9 hay ho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4 khan. <\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ebd ra khoa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh Hy L\u1ea1p, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u00e9p. <\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0, \u1edf Ph\u00e1p ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2u, b\u1edfi ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 l\u1ea9y ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn. Khi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, g\u1ee3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi [s\u1eed gia Hy L\u1ea1p] nh\u01b0 H\u00e9rodote ho\u1eb7c Thucydide, ho\u1eb7c [s\u1eed gia La M\u00e3] nh\u01b0 Tite-Live ho\u1eb7c Tacite, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n \u2013 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m cho bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, \u0111em ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb c\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 ngay trong khi k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch (v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u) l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, gi\u00fap cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a v\u1edf k\u1ecbch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1eddi sau t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p ch\u00fang, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 n\u00e9t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m tr\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang. D\u00f9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, mu\u1ed1n mang danh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec \u00edt ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i s\u1edf h\u1eefu, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u00e1m m\u00e0ng.” \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec1 ra, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng v\u1eabn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u1ecb\u00eap ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n; nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ai x\u00e1c minh l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp s\u1eafp t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i sinh ra cho ta m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chung, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00f2a s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd c\u1eady v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u1ea5m ph\u00e1, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t v\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m \u00e1p, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ch\u01b0a khi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc theo ngh\u0129a ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng sao k\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf cho khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

\u2663 \u2663 \u2663<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ca ng\u1ee3i Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ngay th\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebft cam ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00ec tr\u00e1i tim y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chua ch\u00e1t. \u00d4ng, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin, r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m an \u1ee7i mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng t\u00e0n phai. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc tinh anh \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i cao qu\u00fd v\u00ec bi\u1ebft th\u1eb9n v\u00e0 hay th\u1eb9n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, song l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ebd h\u00e9 l\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111i ngay khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i tang chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a tang \u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 \u00f4ng, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nhau, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, t\u1ec1 t\u1ef1u quanh linh c\u1eefu \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 ga \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 ai ai c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u00e2u xa r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m tang, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 n\u1ed7i \u0111au v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang n\u1eb1m trong c\u1ed7 xe tang \u1ea5y, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang n\u1eb1m trong tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, H\u1ed9i T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ebf Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 treo kh\u0103n tang, v\u00ec \u0111ang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh s\u1ebd m\u00e3i m\u00e3i ph\u1ea3i xa c\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi H\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau qu\u00fd H\u1ed9i h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng danh cho H\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, khi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eafng cay ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nghe tin Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh qua \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1c, b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n\u00a0 v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao qu\u00fd \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, song Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u00e3i sau khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi kh\u1eafc m\u00e3i m\u00e3i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3. T\u00ean \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng do \u00f4ng khai ph\u00e1, m\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai, khi \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf x\u1ee9 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng trong v\u00f2ng ba ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, ri\u00eang vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng to\u00e0n t\u00e2m to\u00e0n \u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef(14)<\/a>, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00a0khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Xin n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, trong khi x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Nam, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng v\u00e0o v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam. M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho tr\u00e1i tim cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 r\u1eb1ng, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai, khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh y\u00eau to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng phu lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh gi\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3(15)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n

H\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/em><\/p>\n

(13)<\/a> Xin coi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y trong \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <\/em>v\u00e0 L’Annam nouveau. <\/em>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 ra trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1\u00ed nh\u00e3n quan v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tinh t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang tung t\u0103ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng th\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

“Trong c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp x\u00e3 ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n ngoan, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng-\u0111i\u1ec1n, c\u00f4ng-th\u1ed5. V\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Chu b\u00ean T\u1ea7u, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t ra l\u00e0m t\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec1n. <\/em>D\u00e2n An-nam ta, c\u0169ng noi l\u1ed1i \u1ea5y m\u00e0 l\u1eadp th\u00f4n x\u00e3, m\u1ed7i x\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng-\u0111i\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 vua Minh-m\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n b\u1ed5 th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t hay v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n cho tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-nam kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb, l\u00e0 l\u1ec7 c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c d\u00e2n-x\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n c\u00f4ng-\u0111i\u1ec1n, c\u00f4ng-th\u1ed5 \u0111i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00e9o gi\u1eef cho d\u00e2n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 sinh-l\u00fd, d\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u00eau qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9, t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u0111em b\u00e1n h\u1ebft \u0111i r\u1ed3i, c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7y c\u1ea5y nu\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng, ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5, k\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p-qu\u1ea7n x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o h\u1ee3p l\u1ebd b\u1ea3o-sinh cho nh\u00e2n-lo\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-nam ta t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd tr\u1ea3i bao nhi\u00eau b\u01b0\u1edbc gian-tru\u00e2n kh\u1ed5-\u1ea3i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t-ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau, h\u1ebft c\u01a1n b\u0129-c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e9n tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1i-lai r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1n b\u0129-c\u1ef1c, c\u1ee9 t\u00f9y \u1edf m\u1ea5y gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a gi\u1eddi m\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng. Thu\u1eadn m\u00f9a-m\u00e0ng kh\u00ed-ti\u1ebft lu\u00f4n cho m\u1ea5y n\u0103m th\u00ec n\u00e0o h\u00e8, n\u00e0o h\u1ed9i, n\u00e0o \u00e1o, n\u00e0o kh\u0103n, \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1m, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf c\u1edd, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng no say, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2m ra ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea3m nhau ch\u01a1i, cho n\u00f3 b\u1eadn c\u00e1i ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1eb3ng may gi\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i ti\u1ebft, n\u1eafng qu\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1n kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee5t l\u1ed9i th\u00f3c ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n, th\u00ec sinh ra tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp. Ai gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9t n\u00e0o \u0103n cho qua bu\u1ed5i kh\u00f3, ai ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec th\u00ec ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i gi\u01a1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, sang n\u0103m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebb ra \u0111\u00f4ng con nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e1u m\u00e0 th\u1ebf v\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u k\u1ebb kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y nhau, bao gi\u1edd s\u1ed1 g\u1ea1o c\u0169ng v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u v\u1ee3 n\u1ecd con kia, t\u00f4i-t\u1edb \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u00e0, k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec \u0103n quanh \u0103n k\u1eb9, lu\u1ed3n c\u00fai c\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00e9o ra c\u0169ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi c\u00e1t-c\u1ee9 bu\u1ed5i kh\u00f3-kh\u0103n. Hay cho n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, d\u1edf cho n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u1edf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ebd hay \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1ed3i, d\u1edf l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u-ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n-l\u1ee3i, d\u1eabul \u00e0m giai g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c \u00e8 vai, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u1eabn th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ph\u1eadn n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 nu\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng. Tay s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1n mi\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a n\u01b0\u1edbc. D\u1eabu c\u00f3 cao v\u1ecdng ra \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u00e0mg l\u00e0m c\u00e1i c\u1ecdc v\u1eefng-b\u1ec1n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean d\u00e2n-tr\u00ed h\u1eb9p-h\u00f2i. H\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh ch\u1eb3ng qua mong l\u1ea5y thi \u0111\u1ed7 l\u00e0m quan cho l\u00e0ng cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd. C\u00f4ng-ngh\u1ec7 bu\u00f4n-b\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn l\u00e0ng m\u00e0 mua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ebf-h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1eafc-d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xa c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c, h\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i lo ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, t\u1eadu v\u00e0i ba m\u1eabu ru\u1ed9ng \u1edf qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb v\u00ec l\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a duynh-sinh, ch\u1ed7 cao l\u01b0\u01a1ng-b\u1ed5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u l\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u00edt ti\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 \u00e1n-qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc; k\u1ebb b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n n\u01a1i th\u00e0nh-th\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u00e0i ch\u1ebf-h\u00f3a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng g\u00ec kh\u00e9o, ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y-d\u1ef1ng ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c g\u00ec hay, th\u00ec v\u1ecb y\u00eau ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ngh\u1ec7 th\u00ec \u00edt, song v\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n t\u00e2ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ch\u00fat danh-m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 ng\u1ea9ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00ecnh-\u0111\u00e1m th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u, cho n\u00ean l\u00f2ng ao-\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf-nhen h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa l\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng lo g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 n\u1eefa.” (\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, <\/em>s\u1ed1 64, th\u1ee9 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m 1914: Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n-x\u00e3. IV.<\/em>)<\/p>\n

(14)<\/a> \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u2013\u00a0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2y? \u2013 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i ch\u00fang ta. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta: “N\u1ebfu h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ebf Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng “. Theo n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111am m\u00ea h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c song b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd c\u0169ng d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u1eafm tham v\u1ecdng, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ef5 d\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea9y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. C\u1ea3nh man r\u1ee3 l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ra v\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i trong d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed1i nguy \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp b\u00ean tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00e1t khao s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ef1 do. \u1ea4y th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac; l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u ra nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c; l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u ra t\u1ef1 do n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd. V\u1eady n\u00ean, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ngang t\u1ea7m s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady”. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u00e1ng l\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i duy l\u00fd m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ngay th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0o s\u1ebd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

(15)<\/a> Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, khi d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1n Gulliver du k\u00fd, <\/em>Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Swift \u1edf Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecm t\u00f2i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 may c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 s\u1edf xa l\u1ea1 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u00e0nh cho ta nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. Khi Desfontaines d\u1ecbch Gulliver du k\u00fd <\/em>t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, <\/em>Swift \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u00f9ng <\/em>v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngay khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng theo, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n Robinson Crusoe <\/em>c\u1ee7a Defoe. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh n\u00f3i, “M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc, Swift r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XVIII. S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Gulliver du k\u00fd <\/em>th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd: v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n phi\u00eau l\u01b0u k\u1ef3 th\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ebb em x\u1ebfp ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n <\/em>c\u1ee7a La Fontaine v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch <\/em>c\u1ee7a Perrault.”<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb\u00a0: Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Christopher Goscha \u2013 Khoa L\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Quebec, Montreal, Canada.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch\u00a0: Nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea1m To\u00e0n.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh\u00a0: Nh\u00e0 V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed1 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cTin t\u1ee9c \u2013 H\u1ed9i T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u00f4ng kinh\u201d, cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1 16 : s\u1ed11 v\u00e0 2, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u n\u0103m 1936. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea7n 3 Ngay sau khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":2088,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,13],"tags":[26,23,87,95,105,32,42,27,107,93,22,20,108,106,86,53,55,34,33,156,96,54,28,31,100,51,24,8,21,25,36,110],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Scan20018.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2432"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2432"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2433,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2432\/revisions\/2433"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}